Purpose

The aim of the paper is to analyze the impact of cooperativeness of managers who occupy central positions in interaction networks on the performance and stress levels of a whole organization.

Design/methodology/approach

To explore this relationship, a multi-parameter agent-based model is proposed which implements the prisoner’s dilemma game approach on a scale-free network in the NetLogo environment. A description of the socioeconomic aspects and the key concepts implemented in the model is provided. Stability and correctness have been tested through a series of validation experiments, including sensitivity analysis. The source code is available for further exploration and testing.

Findings

The simulations revealed that improving the stress resistance of all employees moderately increases organizational performance. Analyzing managers’ roles showed that increasing only the stress resistance of managers does not account for significantly higher overall performance. However, a substantial increase in organizational performance and a decrease in stress levels are achieved when managers are unconditionally cooperative. This effect is stronger for the lowered stress resistance of employees. Therefore, the willingness of managers to cooperate under all circumstances can be a key factor in achieving better performance and building a more pleasant, stress-free working environment.

Originality/value

This paper aims to present a model for analyzing cooperation, specifically in the organizational context, extending the prisoner’s dilemma with novel concepts and mechanisms. Although the results confirm the existing theories about the importance of central nodes in complex networks, they also provide further details on how the cooperative behavior of central nodes (i.e. the managers) might benefit the organization.

中文翻译：

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工作场所的囚徒困境：管理者的合作行为如何影响组织绩效和压力

目的

本文的目的是分析在交互网络中占据中心位置的管理者的合作性对整个组织的绩效和压力水平的影响。

设计/方法/方法

为了探索这种关系，提出了一种基于多参数代理的模型，该模型在 NetLogo 环境中的无标度网络上实施囚徒困境博弈方法。提供了社会经济方面的描述和模型中实施的关键概念。稳定性和正确性已通过一系列验证实验进行测试，包括敏感性分析。源代码可用于进一步探索和测试。

发现

模拟结果表明，提高所有员工的抗压能力会适度提高组织绩效。分析经理的角色表明，仅增加经理的抗压能力并不能显着提高整体绩效。然而，当管理者无条件合作时，组织绩效会显着提高，压力水平会降低。这种效果对于员工抗压能力下降的影响更大。因此，管理人员在任何情况下都愿意合作是实现更好绩效和建立更愉快、无压力的工作环境的关键因素。

原创性/价值

本文旨在提出一个分析合作的模型，特别是在组织环境中，用新的概念和机制扩展囚徒困境。虽然结果证实了关于复杂网络中中心节点重要性的现有理论，但它们也提供了关于中心节点（即管理者）的合作行为如何使组织受益的进一步细节。