Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench, is one of the most important traditional vegetables in India. The crop is attacked severely by sucking pests, viz., jassid, Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida, and whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Genn., throughout its growth period. To control these sucking pests, different entomopathogenic fungi (EPF), viz., Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Lecanicillium lecanii were tested alone and their 1:1 combinations with neem oil against these sucking pests and compared to Imidacloprid 17.8% SL as chemical control under field conditions during 2018 and 2019. Among the EPF tested, the lowest jassid (1.16, 1.27 leaf-1) and whitefly (1.33, 0.84 leaf-1) population was recorded in plots treated with L. lecanii during the two consecutive years. Combination of L. lecanii and neem oil at half of their recommended concentrations had the lowest jassid and whitefly population among all the treatments and maximum reduction over control and at par with chemical control, i.e., Imidacloprid 17.8 SL at 0.33 ml l−1. Moreover, all these biopesticides were found relatively safe to the polyphagous predators (Micraspis discolor, Menochilus sexmaculatus, and spiders) and at par with untreated control. In contrast, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL was the most toxic among all the treatments with the lowest numbers of spiders and ladybird beetles. Combination of the EPF like B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and L. lecanii with neem oil at half of their recommended concentrations could be a viable ecofriendly option in the management of the sucking pests of okra, along with the conservation of natural enemies.

中文翻译：

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昆虫病原真菌和植物药与黄秋葵的害虫的相容性：一种生态友好的方法

秋葵（Abelmoschus esculentus（Linn。）Moench）是印度最重要的传统蔬菜之一。在整个生育期内，农作物都受到害虫的严重侵害，即吸食害虫，例如害虫贾西德，大叶石楠Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida和粉虱。为了控制这些吮吸害虫，单独测试了不同的昆虫病原真菌（EPF），球孢白僵菌，南方僵菌和lecanicillium lecanii，并将它们与印em油的1：1组合对付这些吮吸害虫，并将其与化学吡虫啉17.8％SL进行了比较在2018年和2019年的田间条件下进行控制。在连续两年中，在用莱克氏乳杆菌处理的地块中记录到最低的jassid（1.16，1.27 leaf-1）和粉虱（1.33，0.84 leaf-1）种群。L的组合 在所有处理中，莱卡尼和印度em树油的推荐浓度一半为最低的j菜和粉虱种群，与对照相比，与化学对照相比，其最大减少量为对照，即吡虫啉17.8 SL在0.33 ml -1。此外，发现所有这些生物杀虫剂对多食性捕食者（变色的Micraspis，Menochilus sexmaculatus和蜘蛛）相对安全，与未经处理的对照相当。相反，在所有处理中，吡虫啉17.8 SL的毒性最高，蜘蛛和瓢虫的数量最少。将EPF（如B. bassiana，M。anisopliae和L. lecanii）与印ne油（推荐浓度的一半）结合使用，可能是一种可行的环保选择，可管理秋葵的吸吮性害虫，并保护天敌。