Tropical forests are under severe threat from over-hunting. Subsistence harvests and poaching have decimated wildlife populations to the extent that nearly 50% of Earth’s tropical forests are partially or fully devoid of large mammals. Declines are particularly acute in Southeast Asia where ongoing defaunation, largely attributable to indiscriminate snare trapping, is widespread. Using the extensively forested Aceh province in northern Sumatra as a case study, we document rampant snaring, which threatens Earth’s last sympatric population of tigers, rhinoceros, elephants, and orangutans. To prevent catastrophic hunting-induced impacts already experienced in mainland Southeast Asia, we call for more comprehensive conservation planning assessments that strengthen wildlife law enforcement, promote collaborative anti-poaching, and research species-specific snaring impacts, particularly in the context of human-wildlife conflict. We conclude with a discussion of the important linkages between poaching, wildlife trade, and zoonotic disease risk.

热带森林受到过度捕捞的严重威胁。自给性收获和偷猎已使野生动植物种群减少，以至于地球近50％的热带森林部分或完全没有大型哺乳动物。东南亚的下降尤为严重，其持续的毁灭现象普遍存在，这主要归因于不加选择的诱捕圈套。以苏门答腊北部森林茂密的亚齐省为例，我们记录了猖的咆哮声，它威胁着地球上最后的同胞老虎，犀牛，大象和猩猩。为了防止在东南亚大陆已经遇到的灾难性狩猎导致的影响，我们呼吁进行更全面的保护规划评估，以加强野生动植物的执法，促进协作性的反偷猎，并研究特定物种的诱捕影响，尤其是在人类与野生动物冲突的背景下。最后，我们讨论了偷猎，野生动植物贸易和人畜共患疾病风险之间的重要联系。