India initiated prudent measures voluntarily in the last two decades to combat against excessive carbon emissions. Acknowledging these initiatives, the study conjoins the policy of ‘border carbon adjustment (BCA)’ by the developed countries on Indian export with the ‘domestic carbon adjustment (DCA)’ by India to evaluate its impact on emission reduction and the macroeconomy. The study also raises an inconsistency in this dual carbon adjustment under the production-based accounting (PBA) of the ‘national emission inventory (NEI)’ and conducts simulation experiments under the PBA and alternatively proposed consumption-based accounting (CBA) framework. The results reveal that the closer the rates of BCA and DCA the more effective the carbon adjustment schemes are. The dual carbon adjustment also found giving better outcome under the CBA than PBA. The result of carbon-revenue recycling schemes suggest direct compensation to the enterprises for making the economy recover from the carbon tax-distortions in the most effective way.

在过去的二十年中，印度自愿采取了审慎的措施，以防止过度的碳排放。认识到这些举措，该研究将发达国家对印度出口的“边境碳调整（BCA）”政策与印度对印度的“国内碳调整（DCA）”政策进行了评估，以评估其对减排和宏观经济的影响。该研究还在“国家排放清单（NEI）”的基于生产的核算（PBA）下，在这种双重碳调整中产生了不一致，并在PBA和提议的基于消耗的核算（CBA）框架下进行了模拟实验。结果表明，BCA和DCA的比率越近，碳调整方案越有效。在CBA下，双重碳调整还提供了比PBA更好的结果。