Planning to adopt the Blockchain is very active in many industries, especially in supply chains. Researchers believe that the Radio-frequency identification (RFIDs), yesterday’s Blockchain, is now obsolete. The strongest reason that the Blockchain is the tool of this era is its unique features; real-time information sharing, cyber-security, transparency, reliability, traceability, and visibility, all of which boost the supply-chain performance. Despite the extensive literature on Blockchain, in recent years, no clear framework has defined whether a supply chain should implement Blockchain or not. This study attempts to fill this gap by proposing a framework for complex supply chain networks. In doing so, first, we identified the supply-chain practices of the oil industry in Pakistan, then we empirically analyzed the impact of these practices on operational performance. The results show that the supply chain management (SCM) practices positively impact operational performance. On the other hand, with the help of literature, we identified different Blockchain features and their influence on different supply chain practices. This study guides managers and decision-makers to evaluate their current supply-chain practices and understand the relationship between supply-chain practices and Blockchain features, and how different Blockchain features can help improving supply-chain practices and ultimately improving operational performance.

计划采用区块链在许多行业中非常活跃，尤其是在供应链中。研究人员认为，昨天的区块链射频识别（RFID）已经过时了。区块链成为这个时代的工具的最强烈原因是其独特的功能；实时信息共享，网络安全性，透明度，可靠性，可追溯性和可见性，所有这些都可以提高供应链的绩效。尽管有大量关于区块链的文献，但近年来，尚无明确的框架定义供应链是否应实施区块链。这项研究试图通过提出一个复杂的供应链网络框架来填补这一空白。首先，我们确定了巴基斯坦石油行业的供应链实践，然后我们根据经验分析了这些做法对运营绩效的影响。结果表明，供应链管理（SCM）做法对运营绩效产生积极影响。另一方面，借助文献，我们确定了不同的区块链功能及其对不同供应链实践的影响。这项研究指导经理和决策者评估其当前的供应链实践，并了解供应链实践与区块链功能之间的关系，以及不同的区块链功能如何帮助改善供应链实践并最终改善运营绩效。我们确定了不同的区块链功能及其对不同供应链实践的影响。这项研究指导经理和决策者评估其当前的供应链实践，并了解供应链实践与区块链功能之间的关系，以及不同的区块链功能如何帮助改善供应链实践并最终改善运营绩效。我们确定了不同的区块链功能及其对不同供应链实践的影响。这项研究指导经理和决策者评估其当前的供应链实践，并了解供应链实践与区块链功能之间的关系，以及不同的区块链功能如何帮助改善供应链实践并最终改善运营绩效。