Ending impunity cannot be achieved by international criminal tribunals alone. Therefore, it is important that states will take a significant part in these efforts. The principle of complementarity is aimed to incentivize states to conduct domestic criminal proceedings against alleged perpetrators of international crimes. This paper calls for a broader examination of the way in which the principle of complementarity incentivizes domestic actors. It argues that beyond the potential positive effect of complementarity on domestic criminal law, the shadow of the ICC creates a negative incentive for domestic courts to intervene in constitutional and administrative cases that examine general conduct of hostilities cases. The paper demonstrates this negative effect by examining a shift in the attitude of the Israeli Supreme Court in conduct of hostilities cases. In addition, the paper discusses the ways in which domestic courts attempt to regain their reputation following their increased deference in conduct of hostilities cases.

中文翻译：

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积极互补的意外负面影响

单靠国际刑事法庭无法结束有罪不罚现象。因此，重要的是各国将在这些努力中发挥重要作用。互补性原则旨在激励各国对被指控犯下国际罪行的人进行国内刑事诉讼。本文呼吁对互补性原则激励国内行为者的方式进行更广泛的研究。它认为，除了互补性对国内刑法的潜在积极影响之外，国际刑事法院的阴影还为国内法院干预审查敌对行动案件一般行为的宪法和行政案件创造了负面激励。本文通过研究以色列最高法院在处理敌对行动案件中态度的转变来证明这种负面影响。此外，本文还讨论了国内法院在处理敌对行动案件时越来越尊重他们之后试图恢复其声誉的方式。