Abstract

One of the traditional criteria for statehood under the Montevideo Convention is that an entity possesses an ‘effective government’. Against this backdrop, this article discusses the impact of belligerent occupation on Palestine’s ability to possess an effective government, and thus fulfil the criteria for statehood. It argues that, as a matter of law, the requirement of effective government should not be interpreted strictly. Statehood does not require an immutable threshold of effectiveness; rather, the criterion has been flexibly interpreted and applied in practice. Belligerent occupation is a factual circumstance calling for such a flexible interpretation. While occupation impairs an occupied entity’s ability to exercise the functions of government, it does not affect statehood. Within the framework of the Rome Statute, the fact that the Court has jurisdiction over situations of belligerent occupation confirms this interpretation. Moreover, when assessing whether an occupied entity meets the criteria for statehood, deficiencies in effectiveness should be weighed against the principle of self-determination and international recognition. Applying those considerations to Palestine’s situation, the conclusion seems warranted that it meets the criteria for statehood under general international law and can thus validly trigger the Court’s jurisdiction to investigate and prosecute alleged crimes committed on its territory.

中文翻译：

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成为（一个国家）还是不成为？交战占领法与国际刑事法院在巴勒斯坦建国方面的相关性

摘要

《蒙得维的亚公约》规定的建立国家地位的传统标准之一是实体拥有“有效政府”。在此背景下，本文讨论了交战占领对巴勒斯坦拥有有效政府，从而达到建国标准的能力的影响。它认为，从法律上讲，对有效政府的要求不应严格解释。建立国家地位并不需要一成不变的有效性；相反，该标准已被灵活地解释并在实践中应用。交战职业是一种需要灵活解释的事实情况。尽管占领削弱了被占领实体行使政府职能的能力，但它并不影响建国。在《罗马规约》框架内，法院对交战占领区具有管辖权的事实证实了这一解释。此外，在评估一个被占领实体是否符合建国标准时，应权衡有效性的不足与自决和国际承认的原则。将这些考虑因素适用于巴勒斯坦的情况，结论似乎可以保证它符合一般国际法规定的建国标准，因此可以有效地触发法院的管辖权，以调查和起诉在其领土上犯下的罪行。有效性不足应与自决和国际承认原则相权衡。将这些考虑因素适用于巴勒斯坦的情况，结论似乎可以保证它符合一般国际法规定的建国标准，因此可以有效地触发法院的管辖权，以调查和起诉在其领土上犯下的罪行。有效性不足应与自决和国际承认原则相权衡。将这些考虑因素适用于巴勒斯坦的情况，结论似乎可以保证它符合一般国际法规定的建国标准，因此可以有效地触发法院的管辖权，以调查和起诉在其领土上犯下的罪行。