Abstract

Various incentives may be used in order to cause a person to desist from creating negative externalities. Both carrots and sticks have advantages and disadvantages. Literature is familiar with various combinations between them. In most cases, the mechanism is “horizontal”: using carrots with respect to certain parts of the population, and sticks against others. The article presents a novel, vertical mechanism, in the form of a “game” played in two consecutive stages that trap the damager within the mechanism. At the center of the first stage of the mechanism stands a “carrot,” which is money offered for the damager in order for him/her to desist from the evil, combined with a type of a stick, which is a social sanction (shaming). At the center of the second stage, which is activated only if the first stage did not succeed, stands a “stick,” which is a civil action that can be brought against the damager if s/he does not take the carrot offered to him/her in the first stage. The objective: to incentivize a person to engage in fruitful negotiations to end harmful activity at the pre-mechanism stage. To illustrate this, the article draws on negative social behavior of one-sided refusal to give/accept the divorce bill (get) in the Jewish sector the world over. The mechanism will be built primarily on the basis of a few law and economics theories. A dialogue will thus be created with these theories in fields where they are rarely applied. The main argument is that the use of a vertical setup increases efficiency at a minimal additional cost, overcomes a moral problem, and optimally combines the resulting advantages by deploying sticks and carrots, and at the same time neutralizes most of the disadvantages of either of them.

中文翻译：

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棍棒，胡萝卜或混合机制：拒绝离婚的测试案例

摘要

可以使用各种激励措施，以使一个人不再产生负面的外部影响。胡萝卜和棍棒都有优点和缺点。文学熟悉它们之间的各种组合。在大多数情况下，这种机制是“水平的”：针对人口的某些部分使用胡萝卜，而对其他部分使用胡萝卜。本文以“游戏”的形式介绍了一种新颖的垂直机制，该游戏在两个连续的阶段进行，将破坏者困在该机制中。该机制第一阶段的中心是“胡萝卜”，这是为破坏者提供的金钱，以使他/她摆脱邪恶，并结合一种棍棒，这是一种社会制裁（假冒行为） ）。在第二阶段的中央（仅在第一阶段未成功的情况下才激活），竖立着“摇杆，”，如果他/她在第一阶段不接受提供给他/她的胡萝卜，可以对损害者提起民事诉讼。目标：激励一个人进行富有成果的谈判，以在前机制阶段结束有害活动。为了说明这一点，本文借鉴了世界范围内犹太人一方拒绝给予/接受离婚法案（get）的负面社会行为。该机制将主要基于一些法律和经济学理论来构建。因此，将在很少应用这些领域的理论之间建立对话。主要论点是，垂直布置的使用以最小的额外成本提高了效率，克服了道德上的问题，并通过部署棍棒和胡萝卜来最佳地组合了所产生的优势，