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The composition of endolithic communities in gypcrete is determined by the specific microhabitat architecture
Biogeosciences ( IF 4.9 ) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 , DOI: 10.5194/bg-18-993-2021
María Cristina Casero , Victoria Meslier , Jocelyne DiRuggiero , Antonio Quesada , Carmen Ascaso , Octavio Artieda , Tomasz Kowaluk , Jacek Wierzchos

Endolithic microhabitats have been described as the last refuge for life in arid and hyper-arid deserts where life has to deal with harsh environmental conditions. A number of rock substrates from the hyper-arid Atacama Desert, colonized by endolithic microbial communities such as halite, gypsum crusts, gypcrete, calcite, granite and ignimbrite, have been characterized and compared using different approaches. In this work, three different endolithic microhabitats are described, each one with a particular origin and architecture, found within a lithic substrate known as gypcrete. Gypcrete, an evaporitic rock mainly composed of gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) and collected in the Cordón de Lila area of the desert (Preandean Atacama Desert), was found to harbour cryptoendolithic (within pore spaces in the rock), chasmoendolithic (within cracks and fissures) and hypoendolithic (within microcave-like pores in the bottom layer of rock) microhabitats. A combination of microscopy investigation and high-throughput sequencing approaches were used to characterize the endolithic communities and their habitats at the microscale within the same piece of gypcrete. Microscopy techniques revealed differences in the architecture of the endolithic microhabitats and the distribution of the microorganisms within those microhabitats. Cyanobacteria and Proteobacteria were dominant in the endolithic communities, of which the hypoendolithic community was the least diverse and hosted unique taxa, as a result of less access to sun radiation. These results show, for the first time, that the differences in the architecture of a microhabitat, even within the same piece of a lithic substrate, play an essential role in shaping the diversity and composition of endolithic microbial communities.

中文翻译:

石膏中的内石器群落的组成由具体的微生境结构决定。

岩溶微生境被描述为干旱和高干旱沙漠中生命的最后避难所,那里的生命必须应对恶劣的环境条件。表征和比较了来自高干旱阿塔卡马沙漠的许多岩石基质,这些岩石基质被内层微生物群落定殖,例如盐岩,石膏结壳,石膏,方解石,花岗岩和火成岩,并使用不同的方法进行了比较。在这项工作中,描述了三种不同的内石器微生境,每一种具有特定的起源和结构,都存在于称为石膏的石质基底中。Gypcrete,一个蒸发盐岩主要由石膏(硫酸钙4  2H 2O)并收集在沙漠(Preandean Atacama沙漠)的Cordónde Lila地区,发现其具有隐岩质层(在岩石的孔隙内),深层岩质层(在裂缝和裂缝内)和下层岩质(在微孔状孔隙内)岩石的底层)微生境。显微镜研究和高通量测序方法相结合,用于在同一块石膏中的微观尺度上表征内石器时代的群落及其栖息地。显微镜技术揭示了内石器微生境的结构和微生物在这些微生境中的分布的差异。蓝细菌和变形杆菌在内石器时代居主导地位,其中低内膜群落多样性最低,并拥有独特的分类群,由于较少获得太阳辐射。这些结果首次表明,即使是在一块石质基质中,微生境的结构差异也对塑造内生微生物群落的多样性和组成起着至关重要的作用。
更新日期:2021-02-10
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