Pharmaceutical interventions are urgently needed to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission. As SARS-CoV-2 infects and spreads via the nasopharyngeal airways, we analyzed the antiviral effect of selected nasal and oral sprays on virus infection in vitro. Two nose sprays showed virucidal activity but were cytotoxic precluding further analysis in cell culture. One nasal and one mouth spray suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection of TMPRSS2-Vero E6 cells and primary differentiated human airway epithelial cultures. The antiviral activity in both sprays could be attributed to polyanionic ι- and κ-carrageenans. Thus, application of carrageenan containing nasal and mouth sprays may reduce the risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and may limit viral spread, warranting further clinical evaluation.

中文翻译：

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含有非处方鼻腔和口腔喷雾剂的角叉菜胶抑制呼吸道上皮培养物的 SARS-CoV-2 感染

迫切需要药物干预来预防 SARS-CoV-2 感染和传播。由于 SARS-CoV-2 通过鼻咽呼吸道感染和传播，我们在体外分析了选定的鼻腔和口腔喷雾剂对病毒感染的抗病毒作用。两种喷鼻剂显示出杀病毒活性，但具有细胞毒性，因此无法在细胞培养中进行进一步分析。一种鼻腔喷雾剂和一种口腔喷雾剂抑制了 TMPRSS2-Vero E6 细胞和原代分化的人类呼吸道上皮培养物的 SARS-CoV-2 感染。两种喷雾剂的抗病毒活性可归因于聚阴离子 ι- 和 κ- 角叉菜胶。因此，使用含有角叉菜胶的鼻腔和口腔喷雾剂可能会降低感染 SARS-CoV-2 的风险，并可能限制病毒传播，需要进一步的临床评估。