In this study, five new heterocyclic disazo dyes containing pyrazole and pyrazolone were synthesised (3a‐3e). The synthesised disazo dyes were characterised by elemental analysis and Fourier Transform–infrared and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The effects of two different solvents upon the absorption ability of the dyes substituted with electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups were examined in detail. In addition, the acute toxicity of each synthesised azo dye was evaluated using a short‐term bioassay with Gammarus roeseli (Crustacea: Amphipoda) for 48 hours. According to the evaluations, the dyes 3a, 3b and 3d were categorised as slightly toxic, and the dyes 3c and 3e as practically non‐toxic. Considering the toxicity of the dye 3a, it was determined that the substitution of the electron‐withdrawing group in the azo dye resulted in more toxicity, while the substitution of the electron‐donating group resulted in less toxicity. It was also found that the presence of the strongly electron‐withdrawing group resulted in the azo dye becoming more toxic in comparison with the presence of the weakly electron‐withdrawing group, but that the presence of the strongly electron‐donating group resulted in the azo dye becoming less toxic in comparison with the presence of the weakly electron‐donating group. It is contended that this study is novel and of great importance in terms of synthesising new azo dyes, investigating their absorption properties and assessing their acute toxicities.

中文翻译：

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五种新的含吡唑和吡唑啉酮的杂环二偶氮染料的合成，吸收特性及其对淡水两栖类菜鸟的急性毒性

在这项研究中，合成了五种新的含吡唑和吡唑啉酮的杂环二偶氮染料（3a-3e）。合成的二偶氮染料通过元素分析和傅里叶变换–红外和质子核磁共振光谱进行了表征。详细研究了两种不同溶剂对吸电子和供电子基团取代的染料吸收能力的影响。此外，每种合成的偶氮染料的急性毒性均使用短短生化分析（Gammarus roeseli）（甲壳纲：Amphipoda）评估了48小时。根据评价，染料3a，3b和3d被分类为轻度毒性，而染料3c被分类为轻度毒性。和3e几乎无毒。考虑到染料3a的毒性，确定了偶氮染料中吸电子基团的取代导致更高的毒性，而给电子基团的取代导致了更低的毒性。还发现强吸电子基团的存在导致偶氮染料与弱吸电子基团的存在相比具有更高的毒性，但是强给电子基团的存在导致偶氮染料的形成。与弱供电子基团的存在相比，染料的毒性降低。据认为，这项研究是新颖的，在合成新型偶氮染料，研究其吸收性能和评估其急性毒性方面具有重要意义。