Understanding producers' risk perceptions of foreign animal diseases and their willingness to participate in prevention efforts is crucial for effective policymaking and communication strategies, yet there is limited empirical evidence to support initiatives. Using results from a 2017 survey of U.S. swine producers, we test whether producers' subjective risk perceptions affect their willingness to pay for interventions that could reduce potential foreign animal disease losses. Then, controlling for subjective risk perceptions, we determine the relative and total impacts of different representations of ambiguity on willingness to pay. Our results indicate that producers have a mean willingness to pay of $0.581 per pig per year. We find no difference in willingness to pay under alternative representations of ambiguity characterized by probability of occurrence, damage, and damage duration. Rather, a producer with a higher subjective belief in the probability of a foreign animal disease outbreak in the U.S. swine industry, a higher level of formal education, operating as a contractor or integrator, and owning a truck-wash has a higher willingness to pay. Also, the number of market hogs sold annually is an important determinant of willingness to pay for foreign animal disease risk mitigation. [EconLit citations: D81, Q11, Q18]

中文翻译：

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在多方面模糊的情况下，养猪生产者愿意为降低一级疾病风险支付费用

了解生产者对外来动物疾病的风险认知以及他们参与预防工作的意愿对于有效的决策和沟通策略至关重要，但支持举措的经验证据有限。我们使用 2017 年对美国养猪生产者的调查结果，测试生产者的主观风险认知是否会影响他们为干预措施支付费用的意愿，这些干预措施可以减少潜在的外来动物疾病损失。然后，控制主观风险感知，我们确定不同的模糊性表示对支付意愿的相对和总体影响。我们的结果表明，生产者平均愿意为每头猪每年支付 0.581 美元。我们发现在以发生概率、损坏和损坏持续时间为特征的模糊性的替代表示下，支付意愿没有差异。相反，一个对美国养猪业爆发外来动物疾病的可能性有较高主观信念、受过较高正规教育、作为承包商或集成商经营、拥有洗车厂的生产者有更高的支付意愿. 此外，每年出售的市场生猪数量是支付外来动物疾病风险缓解意愿的重要决定因素。[EconLit 引文：D81、Q11、Q18] 作为承包商或集成商运营，拥有洗车厂的支付意愿更高。此外，每年出售的市场生猪数量是支付外来动物疾病风险缓解意愿的重要决定因素。[EconLit 引文：D81、Q11、Q18] 作为承包商或集成商运营，拥有洗车厂的支付意愿更高。此外，每年出售的市场生猪数量是支付外来动物疾病风险缓解意愿的重要决定因素。[EconLit 引文：D81、Q11、Q18]