The wind direction in atmospheric boundary layers changes continuously due to meso-scale weather phenomena. Developing accurate simulations of these changes is essential for understanding their effect on the performance of large wind farms. Our study introduces a new technique to model dynamic wind direction changes obtained from meso-scale simulations or field measurements in micro-scale large eddy simulations. We propose a method in which the simulation domain is treated as a non-inertial rotating reference frame. The primary benefit of our approach is that it is straightforward to implement and reproduces desired wind direction changes excellently. We verified our approach in neutral atmospheric boundary layers and show that the observed boundary-layer characteristics for dynamic wind directions agree very well with those observed for constant mean wind directions when the wind direction is changed slowly such that the flow is quasi-stationary. Further, we show that atmospheric measurements of the wind direction can be reproduced by our method. To underline the importance of the method, we conclude with a representative scenario, which shows that dynamic wind direction changes can affect the performance of large wind farms.

由于中尺度天气现象，大气边界层的风向连续变化。对这些变化进行精确的仿真对于了解它们对大型风电场性能的影响至关重要。我们的研究引入了一种新技术，该技术可以对从中尺度模拟或微尺度大涡模拟中的现场测量获得的动态风向变化进行建模。我们提出了一种方法，其中将仿真域视为非惯性旋转参考系。我们的方法的主要优点在于，它易于实施，并且可以很好地再现所需的风向变化。我们在中性大气边界层中验证了我们的方法，并表明，当风向缓慢变化以致流动为准平稳时，动态风向的边界层特性与恒定平均风向的特性非常吻合。此外，我们表明可以通过我们的方法来再现风向的大气测量值。为了强调该方法的重要性，我们以一个有代表性的场景作为结束，该场景表明动态风向变化会影响大型风电场的性能。