These studies focuses on synthesizing of an efficient CaO-based-catalyst derived from the binary mixture of Lattorina littorea (periwinkles shell) and Mactra coralline (seashell), and apply it to transesterification of a quaternary mix of Carica papaya - Citrus sinesis- Hibiscus sabdariffa- Waste used. Details characterization of the developed catalyst was carried out using SEM, FTIR, and XRD to establish its catalytic potential. Process parameters optimization for the transesterification process was carried out to determine the optimum yield of biodiesel from oil blend. Lattorina littorea and Mactra coralline were made into powder by milling after drying, the powdered were mixed in the same ratio to obtain a developed catalyst before characterization. Oil was extracted from Carica papaya, Citrus sinesis, Hibiscus sabdariffa seed powder through solvent extraction method, the extracted oil was mixed in quaternary ratio with waste used oil, the properties of the mixed oil was determined before the transesterification with ethanol. Process optimization was carried using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design (CCD) by considering four independent variables (reaction time, derived calcined catalyst powder (DCCP) amount, reaction temperature, and EtOH/OMR). The catalyst recyclability test was carried out, and the biodiesel quality was determined through physicochemical properties. The results showed 25:25:25:25 quaternary blend produced oil with low viscous and high volatility. Thermal treatment of a developed catalyst (DP) from Lattorina littorea mix with Mactra coralline, at 900 °C for 3 h produced CaO of 99.02 (% wt.) on XRD analysis result. The produced catalyst developed was re-used up to 3–cycles for base transesterification. The maximum experimental yield of 99.95 (% wt.) at a reaction time of 60 min, DCCP amount of 3.0 (g), reaction temperature of 70 °C, and EtOH/OMR of 6:1 (ml/ml), was obtained, but the statistical optimization predicted biodiesel yield of 99.8044 (wt. %) at a reaction time of 57.72 min, DCCP amount of 3.0 (g), reaction temperature of 69.54 °C, and EtOH/OMR of 6:1 (ml/ml), this yield was validated in triplicate and an average biodiesel yield of 99.7800 (%wt.) was obtained. Analysis of variance and the p-value showed that the selected variable factors were remarkably significant (p-value<0.0001). Based on fit statistics and model comparison statistics, the coefficient of determination (R squared) of 99.84% was obtained with the predicted R² of 99.06 in reasonable agreement with the adjusted R² of 99.68. The quality of biodiesel produced was within the specification limits of biodiesel standard.

这些研究集中于合成一种有效的基于CaO的催化剂，该催化剂源自Lattorina littorea（长春花壳）和Mactra珊瑚线（贝壳）的二元混合物，并将其用于番木瓜-柑橘（Citrus sinesis）-Hibiscus sabdariffa的四元混合物的酯交换反应中。-使用废料。使用SEM，FTIR和XRD对开发的催化剂进行了详细的表征，以确定其催化潜力。进行了酯交换过程的工艺参数优化，以确定来自油共混物的生物柴油的最佳收率。Lattorina littorea和Mactra珊瑚线干燥后，通过研磨将它们制成粉末，将粉末以相同的比例混合以获得表征前的显影催化剂。提取自番木瓜，柑橘，芙蓉种子粉末通过溶剂萃取法，将萃取的油与废旧油以四元比例混合，在与乙醇进行酯交换之前测定混合油的性能。通过考虑四个独立变量（反应时间，衍生的煅烧催化剂粉末（DCCP）量，反应温度和EtOH / OMR），使用响应表面方法（RSM）与中央复合材料设计（CCD）进行了工艺优化。进行了催化剂的可回收性测试，并通过理化性质确定了生物柴油的质量。结果表明：25：25：25：25的四元混合物生产的油具有低粘度和高挥发性。对来自Lattorina littorea和Mactra Coralline混合物的已开发催化剂（DP）进行热处理在X射线衍射分析结果上，在900°C下放置3 h，生成的CaO为99.02（％wt。）。所开发的生产催化剂可重复使用多达3个循环，以进行碱基酯交换反应。在60分钟的反应时间，DCCP量为3.0（g），反应温度为70°C和EtOH / OMR为6：1（ml / ml）的情况下，获得的最大实验产率为99.95（％wt。）。 ，但统计优化预测反应时间为57.72分钟，DCCP量为3.0（g），反应温度为69.54°C和EtOH / OMR为6：1（ml / ml）时，生物柴油收率为99.8044（wt。％）。 ），一式三份地验证了该产率，并且获得了99.7800（％wt。）的平均生物柴油产率。方差和p值的分析表明，所选变量因子显着显着（p值<0.0001）。根据拟合统计量和模型比较统计量，99.06中的第²条与调整后的99.68中的R ²有合理的一致性。生产的生物柴油的质量在生物柴油标准的规格范围内。