Three-dimensional (3D) extrusion-based bioprinting is widely used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to create cell-incorporated constructs or scaffolds based on the extrusion technique. One critical issue in 3D extrusion-based bioprinting is printability or the capability to form and maintain reproducible 3D scaffolds from bioink (a mixture of biomaterials and cells). Research shows that printability can be affected by many factors or parameters, including those associated with the bioink, printing process, and scaffold design, but these are far from certain. This review highlights recent developments in the printability assessment of extrusion-based bioprinting with a focus on the definition of printability, printability measurements and characterization, and printability-affecting factors. Key issues and challenges related to printability are also identified and discussed, along with approaches or strategies for improving printability in extrusion-based bioprinting.

基于三维 (3D) 挤出的生物打印广泛用于组织工程和再生医学，以基于挤出技术创建细胞掺入结构或支架。基于 3D 挤出的生物打印中的一个关键问题是可印刷性或从 bioink（生物材料和细胞的混合物）形成和维护可重复的 3D 支架的能力。研究表明，印刷适性会受到许多因素或参数的影响，包括与生物墨水、印刷工艺和支架设计相关的因素或参数，但这些都远非确定。本综述重点介绍了基于挤出的生物打印的可印刷性评估的最新进展，重点是可印刷性的定义、可印刷性测量和表征以及可印刷性影响因素。