In 2011 and 2012, when I was a Ph.D. student, I conducted an interview series about free expression issues for the Harvard Law & Policy Review. I talked with lawyers and scholars who had made indelible marks on how people thought about the First Amendment’s promise and limits. One of them was Jack M. Balkin, the Knight Professor of Constitutional Law and the First Amendment at Yale Law School. I asked him to identify, in the final days of 2011, the most serious threat to free expression. He gave me three, the first of which was “the structure of the Internet.” He said he was concerned about “how governments regulate it” and how they “use it to engage in surveillance,” and he said the implications were vast and serious because of the Internet’s standing as the “main conduit for many forms of expression.” Later, when I asked Balkin about Internet intermediaries and censorship, he said, “When we think about freedom of speech in a digital era, we’re thinking about a complex of institutions and technologies that make expression possible.”

中文翻译：

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Balkin，JackM。《数字时代自由表达的未来》，第36页。L.Rev.707（2009）

在2011年和2012年，当时我是一名博士。学生，我为《哈佛法律与政策评论》进行了一系列有关自由表达问题的访谈。我与在人们对《第一修正案》的承诺和局限性的看法上留下不可磨灭痕迹的律师和学者进行了交谈。其中一位是宪法法骑士教授和耶鲁法学院第一修正案的杰克·巴尔金（Jack M. Balkin）。我请他确定2011年最后几天对言论自由最严重的威胁。他给了我三个，第一个是“互联网的结构”。他说，他担心“政府如何监管”以及“如何使用它进行监视”，并且他说，由于互联网已成为“许多表达形式的主要渠道”，其影响是巨大而严重的。后来，