ABSTRACT Little is known about impact of different types of questions used in coaching. This study compares the relative impact of 1) SF with 2) PF coaching questions and with 3) a combined problem-focused and solution-focused (PF + SF) coaching questions condition. Despite much discussion about the impact of mental health issues in coaching, there has been little research on how coachees’ dysfunctional attitudes effect coaching outcomes. 80 participants were randomly assigned to PF, SF or PF + SF coaching conditions. It should be noted that a whole coaching session was not conducted – in an experimental self-coaching exercise participants responded to different types of coaching question: SF questions were more effective than PF questions on all measures. SF questions were also more effective at increasing self-efficacy and decreasing negative affect compared to a combined PF + SF approach. Dysfunctional attitudes were found to have a detrimental impact on negative affect following both PF and PF/SF questions but not SF. Further analysis revealed that PF questions were significantly less effective on decreasing negative affect for participants ‘high’ in dysfunctional attitudes, but not for those ‘low’ in dysfunctional attitudes. For those ‘low’ in dysfunctional attitudes all three coaching styles were equally effective in reducing negative affect. No other significant relationships were observed between dysfunctional attitudes on goal attainment measures. This research suggests that SF approaches are more effective than PF or combined PF + SF. Recommendations for future research and potential implications for coaching practice are discussed.

中文翻译：

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比较以问题为中心，以解决方案为中心和结合以问题为中心/以解决方案为中心的辅导方法：以解决方案为中心的辅导问题可减轻功能障碍态度的负面影响

摘要对于教练使用的不同类型问题的影响知之甚少。本研究比较了1）SF与2）PF教练问题以及3）以问题为中心和以解决方案为基础（PF + SF）的教练问题条件的相对影响。尽管讨论了心理健康问题对教练的影响，但关于教练的机能失调的态度如何影响教练结果的研究很少。将80名参与者随机分配给PF，SF或PF + SF教练条件。应当指出的是，没有进行整个教练课程–在一项实验性自我教练练习中，参与者回答了不同类型的教练问题：在所有方面，SF问题比PF问题更为有效。与PF + SF组合方法相比，SF问题在提高自我效能和减少负面影响方面也更有效。发现功能失调的态度对PF和PF / SF问题均不利于负面影响，但对SF不利。进一步的分析表明，PF问题对于减少对功能障碍态度为“高”的参与者的负面影响的效果明显较差，但对于减少对功能障碍态度为“低”的参与者的负面影响则较差。对于那些功能失调态度“低落”的人，所有三种教练风格在减少负面影响方面都同样有效。在目标达成措施上功能障碍的态度之间未发现其他显着关系。这项研究表明，SF方法比PF或PF + SF组合更有效。