ABSTRACT This article examines how two generations of a large Polish landed family from the Grodno governorate in the Russian Empire were affected by the political and social upheavals brought about by World War One, the Russian Revolution, the threat of Bolshevism, and the rebirth of a Polish state. The Protassewiczes, like other landed noble families in the region, despite their Polish- Lithuanian identity, enjoyed a privileged social status in tsarist Russia. Marriage and work took many of the family’s members to Wilno (Vilnius) and Siberia, while a younger member studied in Austrian Galicia where he joined Piłsudski’s organisation. The article describes the evacuation to Taganrog in 1915 of the senior Protassewicz and his subsequent return to Borki in 1918 to face the ensuing Polish-Soviet War. Two members of the family who were engaged in railway building in Siberia met a tragic end. The younger generation participated in Polish military efforts in the east in 1919–21 and adapted successfully to life in restored Poland. Attention is paid to issues of national identity raised by rival Polish and Lithuanian claims to Wilno in the context of the fall of empires and the emergence of new national states.

中文翻译：

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来自东部边境的波兰家庭的经历（1914-1921）：博尔基的 Protassewiczes

摘要 本文考察了来自俄罗斯帝国格罗德诺省的一个波兰大家族的两代人如何受到第一次世界大战、俄罗斯革命、布尔什维克主义的威胁以及俄罗斯帝国复兴所带来的政治和社会动荡的影响。波兰国家。Protassewiczes 与该地区的其他有地贵族家族一样，尽管拥有波兰-立陶宛身份，但在沙皇俄国享有特权社会地位。婚姻和工作使这个家庭的许多成员搬到了维尔诺（维尔纽斯）和西伯利亚，而一个年轻的成员在奥地利加利西亚学习，在那里他加入了毕苏斯基的组织。文章描述了高级 Protassewicz 于 1915 年撤离到塔甘罗格，以及他随后于 1918 年返回博尔基以应对随后的波苏战争。两个在西伯利亚从事铁路建设的家庭成员都以悲剧收场。1919-21 年，年轻一代参加了波兰东部的军事行动，并成功地适应了恢复后的波兰的生活。在帝国垮台和新民族国家出现的背景下，波兰和立陶宛的竞争对手对维尔诺的主张引起了民族认同问题的关注。