ABSTRACT With the regaining of independence by Poland in November 1918 it was essential to create a unified homogenous army, the more so that Poland was faced by conflict from its neighbours at a time when the borders of Poland were by no means formed let alone finalised. There were at least four seperate Polish armies and a plethora of local formations springing up all over the country. From these four formations: the Polish Military Organisation, the Polnische Wermacht, the Greater Poland Army and the Polish “Blue” Army in France. Moreover, the officer and NCO corps came from four distinct traditions. Those of the wartime Legions (Polish tradition) and of the three partitioning powers. All had different military traditions and training. An important factor was also that many of the them had only a rudimentary knowledge of the Polish language having served in garrisons far from the Polish lands. Faced with wars with the Ukrainians for Lwów and the south eastern lands, with the Germans over the Province of Greater Poland, Pomerania and Silesia, with the Czechs over Teschen and above all with Bolshevik russia in the east it was essential that the Polish Army unified as quickly as possible. That this was done within the year and eventually resulted in Poland winning the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1919-1920 and securing its borders and independence was in no small measure a result of the rapid unification and creation of an homogenous Polish Army with a single command structure and organisation. The binding glue was the deep rooted sense of national pride and desire to live and work in a free Poland.

中文翻译：

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波兰军队的锻造，1918-1919

摘要 随着波兰于 1918 年 11 月重新获得独立，建立一支统一的同质军队至关重要，更何况在波兰边界尚未形成、更不用说最终确定的情况下，波兰面临着来自邻国的冲突。至少有四支独立的波兰军队和大量的地方编队在全国各地涌现。来自这四个编队：波兰军事组织、Polnische Wermacht、大波兰军队和在法国的波兰“蓝色”军队。此外，军官和军士团来自四个不同的传统。那些战时军团（波兰传统）和三个分区势力。所有人都有不同的军事传统和训练。一个重要的因素是，他们中的许多人在远离波兰领土的驻军中服役，对波兰语只有基本的了解。面对与乌克兰人争夺利沃夫和东南部土地的战争，与德国人争夺大波兰省、波美拉尼亚和西里西亚，捷克人争夺特申，尤其是东部的布尔什维克俄罗斯，波兰军队必须统一尽快。这是在一年内完成并最终导致波兰赢得 1919-1920 年的波布尔什维克战争并确保其边界和独立的结果，这在很大程度上是快速统一和创建具有单一指挥权的同质波兰军队的结果结构和组织。