ABSTRACT Protectionists have been accused of unraveling the multilateralist world order. The United States pulling out of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, the renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement, and a series of tariffs imposed by both the US and China threaten global economic integration. Fierce protectionist rhetoric risks gridlocking a fragile trade system that faces rising discontent, especially in light of the recent globalization backlash. American geopolitical hostilities are also influencing trade policies, notably punitive tariff and trade sanctions. Meanwhile, these fears are not limited to trade. The ongoing challenge to American hegemony and rising globalization backlash are dangerous signals of economic unpredictability that could perilously escalate towards outright conflict. This special issue tackles these trends of rising economic nationalism, unilateralism and protectionism to shed light on these vital foreign policy issues and what they mean for middle powers such as Canada.

中文翻译：

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贸易与冲突：经济民族主义、单边主义和保护主义的趋势

摘要 保护主义者被指责破坏多边主义的世界秩序。美国退出跨太平洋伙伴关系协定、北美自由贸易协定重新谈判以及中美加征的一系列关税威胁全球经济一体化。激烈的保护主义言论有可能使脆弱的贸易体系陷入僵局，该体系面临越来越多的不满，尤其是考虑到最近的全球化反弹。美国的地缘政治敌对行动也在影响贸易政策，特别是惩罚性关税和贸易制裁。与此同时，这些担忧不仅限于贸易。对美国霸权的持续挑战和日益加剧的全球化反弹是经济不可预测性的危险信号，可能会危险地升级为彻底的冲突。