ABSTRACT This report examines the development of lithic technology among the Chumash of California’s northern Channel Islands. By the middle of the first millennium A.D., the Island Chumash began to pursue specialized bead and drill making activities, leading to large-scale production of standardized artifact forms over much of the second millennium A.D. The region’s best provenanced collection of early ad hoc drills used for perforating Olivella shell beads is analyzed. These are flake drills, found in small numbers at late Middle Period (A.D. 650–1150) sites. Two sub-types (A and B) are identified that suggest technological development leading to formalized microdrills. It is suggested that bead makers at CA-SCRI-474 on the southern coast of Santa Cruz Island experimented with variations in drill forms throughout the early part of the late Middle Period. During the Transitional Period (A.D. 1150–1300), their techniques for Type B drills spread to CA-SCRI-191, a major bead-making center.

中文翻译：

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加利福尼亚州圣克鲁斯岛专业微钻行业的前身

摘要 本报告考察了加利福尼亚州北部海峡群岛丘马什地区的石器技术的发展。到公元第一个千年中期，岛丘马什开始从事专门的珠子和钻头制作活动，导致在公元二个千年的大部分时间里大规模生产标准化的人工制品。对打孔 Olivella 贝壳珠进行了分析。这些是片状钻头，在中后期（公元 650-1150 年）遗址中发现少量。确定了两个亚型（A 和 B），表明技术发展导致正式的微钻。据说圣克鲁斯岛南部海岸 CA-SCRI-474 的珠子制造商在整个中后期早期尝试了钻头形式的变化。在过渡时期（公元 1150-1300 年），他们的 B 型钻头技术传播到了主要的珠子制造中心 CA-SCRI-191。