ABSTRACT The case studies of three Korean American families examined the directives and honorifics used by families to analyze how family members socialized each other into culturally appropriate ways of directing. Drawing from audio- and visual-recordings of interactions, interviews of parents and children, field notes, and artifacts, this study found that family members used honorifics for multiple purposes. Specifically, findings show that honorifics were used to obtain compliance, model culturally appropriate ways of directing, and to practice culturally appropriate directives. Findings also reveal that family members used honorifics with the intention of supporting language development in the native language. The article concludes with implications for parents of heritage language speakers and teachers of bilingual children.

中文翻译：

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通过敬语考察三个韩裔美国家庭的语言社会化实践

摘要三个韩裔美国家庭的案例研究检查了家庭使用的指示和敬语，以分析家庭成员如何以文化上适当的指导方式相互交往。从互动的音频和视频记录、父母和孩子的采访、现场笔记和文物中，这项研究发现家庭成员出于多种目的使用敬语。具体而言，研究结果表明，敬语被用来获得服从、塑造文化上适当的指导方式，以及实践文化上适当的指示。调查结果还表明，家庭成员使用敬语是为了支持母语的语言发展。文章的结论是对母语使用者的父母和双语儿童的教师的启示。