ABSTRACT Charred botanical remains and plant impressions in pottery sherds and baked clay pieces recovered during survey and archaeological excavation mainly at Mahal Teglinos (Kassala, K-1), Sudan, were examined for botanical remains. Archaeobotanical analyses were undertaken on these and similar artefacts recovered during surveys of the same site and its surrounds (Kashim el-Girba and Shurab el-Gash). The studied samples yield evidence for plant use and cultivation of millets and the presence of different edible and non-edible plant species. This paper focuses primarily on the varieties of small seeded millets recovered from archaeological contexts. Previous archaeobotanical reports from the region lack detailed reports on the early history and agricultural value of small seeded millets, except for a focus on sorghum and pearl millet. The recovered millet varieties include Paspalum, Setaria, Brachiara, Echinochloa and Pennisetum. The identified taxa were both morphologically wild and cultivated. They date to between the mid-fourth millennium BC (Butana Group) and the mid-first millennium AD (Hagis Group). The results of the study indicate that alongside sorghum were small seeded millets likely used for human consumption and/or animal fodder in settlement contexts dating back to the mid-fourth millennium BC. Unlike previous reports on seed impressions and glumes, this study also relies on analysis of desiccated and charred small seeded millets.

中文翻译：

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苏丹东部的小米：考古植物学研究

摘要对主要在苏丹的Mahal Teglinos（喀斯拉，K-1）进行的调查和考古发掘中发现了烧焦的植物残骸和陶器棚中的植物印象以及烤制的粘土块中的植物残骸。对在同一地点及其周围地区（Kashim el-Girba和Shurab el-Gash）进行调查期间发现的这些和类似的文物进行了古植物学分析。所研究的样品为小米的植物使用和栽培以及不同可食用和不可食用植物物种的存在提供了证据。本文主要关注从考古环境中回收的小种子粟的品种。该地区以前的考古植物学报告缺乏有关小种子粟的早期历史和农业价值的详细报道，只是关注高粱和珍珠粟。回收的小米品种包括Paspalum，Setaria，Brachiara，Echinochloa和Pennisetum。鉴定出的分类单元在形态上均是野生的并且是栽培的。它们可以追溯到公元前四千年中期（布塔纳集团）和公元一千年中旬（哈吉斯集团）之间。研究结果表明，在高粱旁边还有小粒的粟粒，这些粒粒的粟粒可用于人类食用和/或动物饲料，可追溯到公元前四千年中叶。与先前有关种子印象和颖花的报道不同，本研究还依赖于对干燥和烧焦​​的小谷子的分析。它们可以追溯到公元前四千年中期（布塔纳集团）和公元一千年中旬（哈吉斯集团）之间。研究结果表明，高粱旁边还有小的种子粟，可能在公元前四千年中叶的定居背景下用于人类食用和/或动物饲料。与先前有关种子印象和颖片的报道不同，本研究还依赖于对干燥和烧焦​​的小谷子的分析。它们可以追溯到公元前四千年中期（布塔纳集团）和公元一千年中旬（哈吉斯集团）之间。研究结果表明，在高粱旁边还有小粒的粟粒，这些粒粒的粟粒可用于人类食用和/或动物饲料，可追溯到公元前四千年中叶。与先前有关种子印象和颖花的报道不同，本研究还依赖于对干燥和烧焦​​的小谷子的分析。