ABSTRACT The combined use of linguistic, genetic and archaeological studies for establishing migration models is common in southern African research on pastoralism. According to some of these models, sheep would have diffused with Khoe-speaking people through southern Africa from around 2000 years ago. In the literature, ‘Khoe people’ and ‘herders’ or ‘pastoralists’ are often used as synonyms. Many implications follow from this and cast a shadow on the history of Khoe speakers in southern Africa. This paper critiques the correlation made between language groups, gene signatures and economies of subsistence before turning to a revaluation of the archaeological context of the early herding phase. The recent debates concerning the identification and dates of early sheep bones are discussed and integrated with the archaeological data relative to the appearance of herding practices. The use of a single model for explaining the advent and development of herding practices in southern Africa is debated and the potential plurality of actors involved in these processes is suggested.

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等同于语言，基因和生存？南部非洲的放牧现象

摘要在南部非洲的畜牧业研究中，普遍使用语言学，遗传学和考古学研究来建立迁徙模型。根据其中一些模型，大约2000年前，绵羊会与讲K族的人一起在南部非洲传播。在文献中，“ K族人”和“牧民”或“牧民”经常被用作同义词。由此产生了许多影响，并为南部非洲的Khoe演讲者的历史蒙上了一层阴影。本文在重新评估早期放牧阶段的考古背景之前，对语言群体，基因特征和生存经济之间的相关性进行了批判。讨论了有关早期绵羊骨头的鉴定和日期的最新辩论，并将其与有关放牧习俗的考古数据相结合。人们对使用单一模型来解释南部非洲的放牧做法的来临和发展进行了辩论，并建议了参与这些进程的潜在参与者。