Abstract Numerous studies have investigated the nexus between economic growth and financial inclusion, or between economic growth and trade openness. This paper advanced on earlier work and uses granger causality tests and cointegration techniques so as to establish whether there exists a long-run equilibrium relationship between all three variables in Africa using a panel of 30 African countries for the period 2004–2017. Study findings unveil a unidirectional causality relationship from economic growth to financial inclusion; from economic growth to trade in Africa. In particular, enhancing financial inclusion in the financial system promotes the trade-growth nexus. We recommended policy makers to concentrate on pro-growth policies so as to enhance financial inclusion which drives trade.

中文翻译：

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非洲金融普惠，贸易与经济增长之间的联系？

摘要大量研究调查了经济增长与金融包容之间，或经济增长与贸易开放之间的关系。本文以早期工作为基础，并使用格兰杰因果关系检验和协整技术，以2004-2017年期间由30个非洲国家组成的小组确定非洲所有三个变量之间是否存在长期均衡关系。研究结果揭示了从经济增长到金融包容的单向因果关系；从经济增长到非洲贸易。特别是，增强金融体系中的金融包容性会促进贸易增长关系。我们建议政策制定者专注于促进增长的政策，以增强推动贸易的金融包容性。