ABSTRACT How can one learn to perceive? The study of an expert training shows how olfactory learning combines two operations and modalities of experience: firstly, it rests upon doubt and the questioning of perception to turn its undisputable evidence into a changing plurality. Secondly, perception is reconstructed and stabilized according to a set of chosen constraints, thanks to a perpetual control and reworking of the inadequate perceptions. This analysis brings us to reconsider the interpretation of the notion of “attention”. Trainees focusing on their perception do not make it more salient, precise and detailed, as per the representational interpretation of perception. They question it. In so doing, they foster a surge of “shades” and make it plural and variable. Attention denotes here a process of perceptual destabilization, through doubt. Additionally, in the cases studied, the reflexivity that enables learning shows deconstructive aspects: through doubt, the surrounding world turns from self-evident to changing and plural. This does not fit the usual constructive character of reflexivity, as in “mind-” or “self-building” processes, for instance. At the core of the learning process, the shifting modalities of perception seem to open the door to a larger variety of understandings of reflexivity and their correlative selves.

中文翻译：

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学习嗅觉：体验的变化模式

摘要 如何学会感知？对专家培训的研究表明，嗅觉学习如何结合两种操作和体验方式：首先，它依赖于怀疑和对感知的质疑，将其无可争议的证据转化为不断变化的多元性。其次，由于对不适当的知觉的永久控制和再加工，知觉根据一组选定的约束被重建和稳定。这种分析使我们重新考虑对“注意力”概念的解释。根据感知的代表性解释，受训者专注于他们的感知并没有使其更加突出、精确和详细。他们质疑。这样做时，他们培养了“阴影”的激增，并使其变得多元化和可变。注意在此表示通过怀疑而导致感知不稳定的过程。此外，在所研究的案例中，使学习成为可能的反思性显示出解构性的方面：通过怀疑，周围的世界从不言而喻转变为多变和多元。这不符合反身性的通常建设性特征，例如在“思维”或“自我构建”过程中。在学习过程的核心，感知方式的转变似乎为更广泛地理解反身性及其相关自我打开了大门。