Abstract The Common Core has emphasized reading for comprehension, including making inferences. However, little is known about the instructional materials included in core literacy programs for teaching inferences. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of background, anaphoric, predictive, and retrospective inferences in instructional materials for grades three through five within one core literacy program, Wonders. Results show that, although lessons include inference instruction across grade levels, third-grade materials include the most, when it seems that such instruction should increase as text demands increase in fourth and fifth grades. Lessons on retrospective inferences were most prevalent, followed by background. Predictive and anaphoric inferences were much less apparent. Recommendations and suggestions for the future are provided.

中文翻译：

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小学生教学资料中的推论类型

摘要共同核心强调阅读理解，包括进行推理。但是，对于核心推理课程中用于推理的教学材料知之甚少。这项研究的目的是确定在一个核心扫盲计划“奇迹”中，三至五年级的教学材料中的背景，隐喻，预测和回顾性推理的频率。结果表明，尽管课程包括跨年级的推理指导，但三年级的教材内容最多，这似乎是随着四年级和五年级的课文要求增加而增加的。关于回顾性推论的课程最为普遍，其次是背景知识。预测性和照应性的推论不太明显。