ABSTRACT Wittgenstein’s criticism of the notion of ‘private language’ is related to the putative centrality of “being“ and the ‘subject-predicate’ distinction . However, his efforts would prove to be more fruitful if he could use data from Japanese language. There is a list of Japanese terms to translate ‘being’: sonzai, de-aru, ga-aru, and iru. Among all of their variants, the only subject-predicate-form-related expression is the combination of the ‘Y ga Z aru’-part of ‘X wa Y ga Z aru.’ Hence, Japanese subject-predicate-form-related expressions are not as fundamental as their western counterparts. Insofar as ‘pain’ is concerned, in Japanese, there are two series of expressions on pain: in the first one, the notion of pain is deobjectied and hence immune to subject-predicate logic, while in the second one, it is barely objectified in a limited sense. Hence, a Japanese speaker could avoid the fallacy of attributing subjective sensations to a particular person.

中文翻译：

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维特根斯坦会说日语怎么办？

摘要维特根斯坦（Wittgenstein）对“私人语言”概念的批评与公认的“存在”和“主语-谓语”区分有关。但是，如果他可以使用日语数据，将证明他的努力更加富有成果。有一系列日语术语可翻译为“存在”：sonzai，de-aru，ga-aru和iru。在所有变体中，唯一与主题谓语形式相关的表达是“ Y ga Z aru”-“ X wa Y ga Z aru”的一部分的组合。因此，日语主题谓词形式相关的表达不如西方的基本谓语表达那么重要。就“疼痛”而言，在日语中，有两种关于疼痛的表达方式：第一种，疼痛的概念是客观的，因此不受主谓逻辑的影响，而在第二种中，在有限的意义上几乎没有客观化。因此，日语使用者可以避免将主观感受归因于特定人的谬误。