ABSTRACT Buddha’s fundamental philosophy mainly addresses the issue of suffering and the ways of preventing suffering in life. Accordingly, his commendable stance on the protection of animals is underpinned on the concept of the spiritual interconnection between humans and animals because of the transmigration of consciousness. Yet, the human incarnation is superior because enlightenment can be achieved only in this form. Ironically, however, the Buddhists moral canons can also potentially cause troubles for animal lives. This inconsistency is reflected in the latitude given in cases of unintentional himsā (violence) and the notion of the segregation of animals from humans. This hierarchy allows use of animals which implies human centric attitude. This paper aims to (a) critically analyse the Buddhist positions on animals by considering both the positive and negative aspects; and (b) demonstrate the incompatibility between the doctrine of ahimsā and the positing of a hierarchy between humans and animals.

中文翻译：

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佛教在动物痛苦上的道德困境

摘要佛陀的基本哲学主要解决苦难问题和预防生活中苦难的方法。因此，由于意识的转移，他对动物的保护值得赞扬的立场以人与动物之间的精神联系为基础。然而，人类的化身是优越的，因为只有以这种形式才能实现启蒙。然而，具有讽刺意味的是，佛教徒的道德准则也可能给动物的生活带来麻烦。这种不一致性体现在无意间的暴力（暴力）案件中所赋予的自由度以及动物与人类隔离的观念。这种等级允许使用动物，这暗示着以人为中心的态度。本文旨在（a）通过考虑正面和负面方面来批判性地分析佛教徒对动物的立场；（b）证明了阿希玛教义与人与动物之间的等级制度设定是不相容的。