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Editorial
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy Pub Date : 2018-10-02 , DOI: 10.1080/02668734.2018.1560717
Jessica Yakeley 1
Affiliation  

Although it may be a truism that the expansion of different types of psychotherapy invented and practiced has become unlimited and unregulated, the wide array of different psychotherapeutic modalities that have emerged from the psychoanalytic and psychodynamic traditions alone contribute to a state of confusion whereby both practitioners and patients struggle to keep up with the development of new therapies and iterations of existing psychotherapy modalities. The situation within the National Health Service in the UK may present a slightly less complex picture in that specific psychological treatments are increasingly likely to only be available if they can demonstrate sufficient empirical evidence for their effectiveness to convince commissioners to pay for them, and therefore the range of therapies on offer is more limited. Nevertheless, the original tripartite division of psychological therapies into cognitive-behavioural, psychodynamic and systemic based on distinct theoretical frameworks, which has guided training and provision for many years, has been replaced, at least for the treatment of some conditions (e.g. personality disorder), by a multitude of newer modalities that combine elements from the original trio as well as other approaches, including the interpersonal and humanistic traditions. Where does this leave psychoanalytic psychotherapy and its applications in the NHS, which is the specific remit of this journal? Arguably, when the journal was founded 35 years ago, there was less confusion than today in defining the theoretical framework and techniques of psychoanalytic psychotherapy (albeit allowing for differences based on the particular psychoanalytic school, usually within the British psychoanalytic community, informing the practitioner i.e. Kleinian, Independent and Contemporary Freudian traditions). However, in recent years, the descriptor ‘psychoanalytic’ has become increasingly replaced by ‘psychodynamic’, and although some might argue that the terms are synonymous, others would suggest that psychodynamic psychotherapies are based on a broader theoretical framework combining psychoanalytic with attachment theory, and in some cases findings from neuroscience, in which it is proposed that the person’s innate predispositions and their interpersonal, intersubjective and embodied experiences of both their social world and internal worlds build up from childhood to form their representations and object relationships. This widening of the theoretical paradigm has also produced a relational shift in psychotherapeutic technique, with more emphasis on exploring the patient’s relationships, including that with the therapist, in the here and now rather than in the patient’s history; and a focus on the patient’s mental processes and reflective capacity, rather than exploration and interpretation of the patient’s unconscious fantasies. Psychodynamic therapies also tend to be shorter in duration and at least partially manualised to facilitate adherence to the specific model and empirical evaluation. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 2018 Vol. 32, No. 4, 331–334, https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2018.1560717

中文翻译:

社论

尽管发明和实践的不同类型的心理治疗方法的扩展变得无限制且不受管制,这可能是不言而喻的,但仅从心理分析和心理动力学传统中出现的各种不同的心理治疗方式,都会造成混乱状态,从业者和病人努力跟上新疗法的发展和现有心理疗法的迭代。英国国家卫生局内部的情况可能并不那么复杂,因为只有在能够提供足够的经验证据证明其有效性以说服专员付钱的情况下,才有可能使用特定的心理治疗,而这种可能性越来越大。提供的疗法范围更加有限。不过,最初由三部分组成的基于不同理论框架的心理治疗分为认知行为,心理动力学和系统性的方法,该方法已指导了多年的培训和提供,至少在某些情况下(例如人格障碍)的治疗已被替换为结合了原始三重奏以及其他方法(包括人际关系和人文主义传统)的要素的众多更新形式。这将使精神分析心理治疗及其在国民保健服务系统中的应用留下何处?可以说,当该杂志在35年前成立时,在定义心理分析心理治疗的理论框架和技术方面,今天的困惑比今天更少(尽管允许基于特定的心理分析学派的差异,通常在英国的精神分析团体内部,向从业人员提供信息,例如克莱因,独立和当代弗洛伊德的传统。但是,近年来,“心理分析”一词已越来越多地被“心理动力学”所取代,尽管有些人可能会认为这些术语是同义词,但其他人则认为心理动力学心理疗法是基于将心理分析与依恋理论相结合的更广泛的理论框架,并且在某些情况下来自神经科学的发现,其中建议人的天生倾向以及其社交世界和内部世界的人际,主体间和具体化的经历从童年起就形成了他们的表征和客体关系。理论范式的扩展也引起了心理治疗技术的关系转变,更多地着眼于探索患者与患者之间的关系,包括与治疗师的关系,而不是在患者的历史上。重点放在患者的心理过程和反思能力上,而不是探索和解释患者的无意识幻想。心理动力疗法的持续时间也往往较短,并且至少部分手动进行,以促进对特定模型和经验评估的依从性。精神分析心理治疗,2018年第 32,第4号,331–334,https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2018.1560717 在此时此地,而不是在患者的历史中;重点放在患者的心理过程和反思能力上,而不是探索和解释患者的无意识幻想。心理动力疗法的持续时间也往往较短,并且至少部分手动进行,以促进对特定模型和经验评估的依从性。精神分析心理治疗,2018年第 32,第4号,331–334,https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2018.1560717 在此时此地,而不是在患者的历史中;重点放在患者的心理过程和反思能力上,而不是探索和解释患者的无意识幻想。心理动力疗法的持续时间也往往较短,并且至少部分手动进行,以促进对特定模型和经验评估的依从性。精神分析心理治疗,2018年第 32,第4号,331–334,https://doi.org/10.1080/02668734.2018.1560717
更新日期:2018-10-02
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