The island of St Croix in the Caribbean Sea, today a part of the United States Virgin Islands, is a cultural melting pot of descendants of European settlers, a native population and African slaves. The English arrived in 1631, after which followed episodes of Spanish and French occupation until 1733, when the island was sold to the Danish West India Company. In 1734, Moravian missionaries arrived on the island and they soon established three missionary stations in order to evangelize the African slaves who had arrived on board the Danish ships. The missionaries, the so-called Moravian Brethren, or Herrnhuter Br€udergemeinde, had come from Herrnhut in Saxony, Germany, and over the course of the following years built more mission stations on the nearby island of St Thomas. Over the past decades archaeological excavations and surveys were conducted on St Croix, which resulted in a collection of European artefacts that were traded or came along with the settlers. In this short paper, we present slipwares connected to the Moravian Brethren and their plantations at Friedensthal, located west of the present city of Christiansted, and one of three Moravian missions established on St Croix. The island was home to over 200 sugar plantations, on which African slaves worked and were spiritually ministered to by the Moravians. A group of about 50 slip-decorated ceramic sherds salvaged in the late 1970s during construction work at various sites are available for study by the authors. The slipware sherds belong to plates, bowls and jugs dating to the 18th century. Recent analysis of imported ceramics excavated at St Croix has revealed Moravian pottery amongst the archaeological assemblage recovered at the sugar plantation Estate Lower Bethlehem in the centre of St Croix. The pottery was identified as originating from Bethlehem in Pennsylvania, where Moravian potters produced slip-decorated redwares. The results are based on visual identification and a comparison of both the Pennsylvania and St Croix assemblages based upon morphology and decoration. Written sources from 1759 testify to the export of ceramics from Bethlehem to St Croix. Ten of the 50 sherds from St Croix were chosen for an ICP-MS analysis in an attempt to determine their origin (Fig. 1, Table 1). The results of the analysis were compared with the results of a set of considerable reference material from present-day Germany, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium (as the most likely origin of the vessels). The data was also compared with the data from previously analysed and published ceramic material from Pennsylvania and North Carolina. The results show that three fragments originate from vessels made of clays from the area around Duingen and Coppengrave, in the German states of Lower Saxony (Fig. 1b, c and f). The area around Coppengrave was a well-known production centre of late medieval and modern ceramics. Sherds in Figure 1b and c are light red in colour, with 1b from the Mount Welcome plantation showing a bird and the number ‘179_’ in its centre, applied with yellow and green glaze on a white slip. Sherd in Figure 1f is notably darker in fabric and also in the brownish glaze. Three other sherds (Fig. 1h, k and m) match with the ceramic data from Bethlehem (Pennsylvania) and one fragment (Fig. 1d) that from Bethabara (North Carolina). The Northern German ceramic vessels must have been transported along the River Weser, the main waterway for ceramics from this well-known pottery

中文翻译：

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维尔京群岛圣克鲁瓦的摩拉维亚陶瓷

加勒比海的圣克鲁瓦岛今天已成为美属维尔京群岛的一部分，是欧洲移民，当地居民和非洲奴隶后裔的文化大熔炉。英国人于1631年到达，此后发生了西班牙和法国人的占领，直到1733年该岛被出售给丹麦西印度公司。1734年，摩拉维亚传教士到达该岛，并很快建立了三个传教站，以宣传到达丹麦船上的非洲奴隶。传教士，即所谓的摩拉维亚兄弟会，即Herrnhuter Br€udergemeinde，来自德国萨克森州的Herrnhut，在接下来的几年中，他们在附近的圣托马斯岛上建立了更多的宣教站。在过去的几十年中，对圣克鲁瓦进行了考古发掘和调查，结果发现了与定居者进行贸易或交易的一系列欧洲文物。在这份简短的论文中，我们介绍了与摩拉维亚兄弟会及其在现今克里斯蒂安斯特德市以西的弗里登斯塔尔的种植园有关的滑具，以及在圣克鲁瓦建立的三个摩拉维亚任务之一。该岛是200多个糖料种植园的所在地，非洲奴隶在这些糖料种植园上工作，并在精神上受到摩拉维亚人的服务。作者可以研究在1970年代后期在不同地点进行的建筑工作中打捞出的一组约50个用滑粉装饰的陶瓷板。餐具架属于可追溯到18世纪的盘子，碗和水罐。最近对在圣克鲁瓦（St Croix）出土的进口陶瓷的分析表明，在圣克鲁瓦（St Croix）中心的下伯利恒（Lower Bethlehem）糖园内发现的考古组合中，摩拉维亚的陶器十分重要。该陶器被确定为起源于宾夕法尼亚州的伯利恒，摩拉维亚的陶器商在那里生产了装潢有装饰的陶器。结果基于视觉识别，并基于形态和装饰对宾夕法尼亚州和圣克鲁瓦州的组合进行了比较。1759年的书面来文证明了从伯利恒到圣克鲁瓦的陶瓷出口。从圣克鲁瓦（St Croix）的50个牧草中选择了10个进行ICP-MS分析，以试图确定其起源（图1，表1）。将分析结果与当今德国，丹麦，荷兰和比利时（最可能的船只原产地）。还将数据与宾夕法尼亚州和北卡罗来纳州以前分析和发表的陶瓷材料的数据进行了比较。结果表明，三个碎片来自德国下萨克森州Duingen和Coppengrave周围地区的粘土制容器（图1b，c和f）。Coppengrave周围地区是中世纪晚期和现代陶瓷的著名生产中心。图1b和c中的棚架为浅红色，来自Mount Mount种植园的1b展示了一只鸟，其中心为数字“ 179_”，并在白色纸上涂了黄色和绿色的釉料。图1f中的织物在织物上和深色釉料中明显较暗。其他三片羊皮（图1h，k和m）与伯利恒（宾夕法尼亚州）的陶瓷数据和伯萨巴拉（北卡罗来纳州）的一个碎片（图1d）相匹配。德国北部的陶瓷器皿一定是沿着威悉河运输的，该河是著名陶瓷的主要水道