ABSTRACT Dynamic neurodevelopment occurs in the first months of human life and requires optimal environmental conditions to advance in a typical way. One of the most important determinants of this process is the stable availability of a safe and responsive caregiver. This provides the child with a facilitative context for solving naturally emerging developmental conflicts, namely conflicts between the need for intimacy and the need for autonomy. If this availability is provided, the child acquires both affect regulation abilities as well as the capacity for curiosity that leads to an independent exploration of novel environments. The child also develops the ability to mentalize and empathize with others from this context, which serves as a foundation for further satisfactory functioning in both the intrapersonal and interpersonal worlds. Early adversity in the form of restricted access to a responsive caregiver leads to abnormalities in the process of neurodevelopment that result in long-lasting emotional and behavioral problems. These problems can be understood as difficulties in processing experience. In this context, the present article will comment on the qualities of the therapeutic relationship that seem critical in work with people who experience difficulties in this area.

中文翻译：

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治疗关系如何修复人类亲密和自主能力的正常神经发育所需的“安全他人”体验中的失败

摘要动态神经发育发生在人类生命的最初几个月，需要最佳环境条件才能以典型的方式发展。该过程的最重要决定因素之一是安全且反应迅速的护理人员的稳定可用性。这为儿童解决自然出现的发展冲突提供了有利的环境，即亲密需求和自主需求之间的冲突。如果提供这种可用性，孩子将获得影响调节能力以及导致独立探索新环境的好奇心的能力。孩子还发展了在这种情况下对他人进行心智化和同理心的能力，这是在个人和人际世界中进一步令人满意的功能的基础。早期逆境以受限于响应性照顾者的形式导致神经发育过程中的异常，从而导致长期的情绪和行为问题。这些问题可以理解为加工经验上的困难。在这种情况下，本文将评论治疗关系的品质，这些品质在与在该领域遇到困难的人一起工作时似乎至关重要。