ABSTRACT Global narratives underscore that economic growth can often coincide with reductions in poverty and inequality. However, the experiences of several countries over recent decades confirm that inequality can widen or narrow in response to policy choices and independent of economic growth. This paper analyses five country cases, Brazil, Cambodia, Mali, Peru and Tanzania. These countries are the most successful in reducing inequality and poverty while growing robustly for at least a decade since the early 2000 s. The paper assesses how good macroeconomic management, sectoral reform, the strengthening of safety nets, responses to external shocks, and initial conditions all chip away at inequality and support broad growth. Sustained and robust economic growth with strong poverty and inequality reductions are possible across very different contexts and policy choices. The comparative analysis also identifies common building blocks toward success and warns that hard-earned achievements can be easily overturned.

中文翻译：

---

各国真的有可能同时增长和减少贫困​​和不平等吗？超越全球叙事

摘要全球叙述强调，经济增长通常可以与减少贫困和不平等现象同时发生。但是，近几十年来一些国家的经验证实，不平等现象会因政策选择而变大或变窄，并且与经济增长无关。本文分析了五个国家案例，巴西，柬埔寨，马里，秘鲁和坦桑尼亚。自2000年代初以来，这些国家在减少不平等和贫困方面取得了最成功的成就，而且在至少十年中一直保持强劲增长。本文评估了良好的宏观经济管理，部门改革，安全网的加强，对外部冲击的响应以及初始条件如何消除不平等并支持广泛的增长。在截然不同的环境和政策选择之间，可以实现持续，强劲的经济增长，并有力地减少贫困和减少不平等现象。对比分析还确定了成功的共同基础，并警告来之不易的成就很容易被推翻。