Normative notions of sex and gender were prevalent in discussion of European prehistoric societies until the last quarter of the 20th century. The progressive work that challenged a binary approach, published particularly in the 1990s, created an anticipation for further nuanced interpretation. This paper argues that, in contrast to this expectation, there was a surprising return to narrating a past of binary sex and gender. Societal roles have continued to be imagined as formalised through structures based on biological sex, with men seen as active mobile agents, while women were passive and static homemakers. We argue that not only is this unhelpful, the archaeological evidence renders it incorrect. We highlight the inherent conflicts in the data to show that investigating sex and gender in the past is difficult with imperfect and complex archaeological evidence. It requires careful and deliberate consideration to avoid normative explanations. In conclusion, we propose that investigating mobility is a particularly effective topic for examining past gendered societal roles.

中文翻译：

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运动中的身体：欧洲后期史前时代性别流动的叙事和反叙事

直到 20 世纪最后 25 年，关于性和性别的规范观念在欧洲史前社会的讨论中都很普遍。挑战二元方法的进步工作，特别是在 1990 年代出版，为进一步细致入微的解释创造了预期。本文认为，与这种预期相反，讲述性别和性别二元化的过去出现了令人惊讶的回归。社会角色继续被想象为通过基于生物性别的结构形式化，男性被视为积极的移动代理人，而女性则是被动和静态的家庭主妇。我们认为这不仅无益，考古证据也证明它不正确。我们强调数据中的内在冲突，以表明由于不完善和复杂的考古证据，调查过去的性别和性别是困难的。它需要仔细和深思熟虑的考虑，以避免规范解释。总之，我们建议调查流动性是检查过去性别社会角色的一个特别有效的主题。