The way Japanese culture forms families (ie) has historically provided women with great autonomy. The formation of the ie as a perpetuating, corporate, stem family with impartible inheritance raises the successor’s wife’s status in the ie above that of the successor’s brothers, who leave the ie. The ie’s succession of generations functions most smoothly with one son, or a daughter and then a son, the pattern typical of modern industrial societies as well. But Japan’s stable gender paradigm Male : Female :: Public : Private :: Breadwinner : Housewife that arises from this way of forming families has now become a hindrance to those women ambitious for opportunity in the wider world once they have fulfilled their duties to their husband’s ie. Neither the modernization of Japan nor its economic advance and more recent stagnation have significantly altered this pattern of family gender formation.

中文翻译：

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日本的性别不平等和家庭形成

日本文化形成家庭的方式（即）在历史上为女性提供了很大的自主权。将 ie 形成为具有可分配继承权的永续的、公司的、主干家庭，将继承人的妻子的地位提高到 ie 高于继承人离开 ie 的兄弟的地位。ie 的世代继承在一个儿子或一个女儿然后一个儿子的情况下最顺利，这也是现代工业社会的典型模式。但日本稳定的性别范式 男性：女性 :: 公共：私人 :: 养家糊口：家庭主妇 以这种方式组建家庭而产生的家庭主妇现在已经成为那些雄心勃勃地在完成对丈夫的职责后在更广阔世界获得机会的女性的障碍。 IE。