ABSTRACT Recent studies of policy design have grappled with such issues as policy tool use, overcoming historical policy legacies, the nature of policy mixes and issues around policy formulation and the nature of ‘design’ and ‘designing’ in policy-making. These studies have begun to establish insights into what makes a policy design ‘effective’ or likely to succeed in being adopted or implemented or both. This paper draws lessons from both the ‘old’ and the ‘new’ design work to establish several basic criteria for effective design and designing. As the review of the literature shows, the kinds of lessons that can be drawn from these studies fall into two categories: those dealing with matching design activity to the context of policy-making and those which focus on the character of the tools deployed in a design. The paper sets out both these elements and shows how they can be combined to generate lessons, insights and practices for both policy scholars and practitioners alike.

中文翻译：

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有效政策设计的标准：政策工具选择的特征和背景

摘要最近对政策设计的研究已经解决了以下问题，例如政策工具的使用，克服历史遗留的政策遗留，政策组合的性质以及围绕政策制定的问题以及决策中“设计”和“设计”的性质。这些研究已经开始建立使政策设计“有效”或成功采用或实施成功或两者兼而有之的见识。本文从“旧”和“新”设计工作中汲取了教训，以建立有效设计和设计的几个基本标准。正如文献回顾所显示的，从这些研究中可以汲取的教训可分为两类：一类是将设计活动与政策制定相结合的内容，另一类是针对设计工具所采用工具的特性的。设计。