ABSTRACT A rare example of nineteenth-century Rococo-style interior decorations was recently uncovered in the National Military Museum of Cairo, Egypt. Samples of the decorations were analysed using different analytical techniques. The sequence of the paint layers was examined with a digital USB optical microscope. Microstructural examination and microanalysis of the samples were conducted using an environmental scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis spectroscopy (ESEM–EDX). The molecular structure of the samples was analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) was applied to identify the mineralogical composition of plaster samples. The results allowed the characterisation of two underlying layers based mainly on two phases of calcium sulphate. Pigment materials of vermilion, red lead, red ochre, hydrocerussite, carbon black and green earth were identified. Several chromatic hues were produced by different proportions of mixed pigments. Additionally, chromatic alterations in the red layer were reported and discussed. Based on the results of the analyses, a multi-step restoration was carried out. The intervention procedures were cleaning, application of injection grouts, removal of old mortars, reconstruction of missing components of the composition and retouching. Finally, a superficial protection layer was applied to the decorations to prevent any future damage.

中文翻译：

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在开罗国家军事博物馆探索 19 世纪洛可可风格的室内装饰：绘画材料和修复方法

摘要 埃及开罗国家军事博物馆最近发现了一个罕见的 19 世纪洛可可风格的室内装饰品。使用不同的分析技术对装饰品样品进行分析。用数字 USB 光学显微镜检查油漆层的顺序。使用环境扫描电子显微镜和能量色散 X 射线微量分析光谱 (ESEM-EDX) 对样品进行显微结构检查和微量分析。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析样品的分子结构。应用 X 射线粉末衍射 (XRD) 来鉴定石膏样品的矿物组成。结果允许对主要基于硫酸钙的两相的两个下层进行表征。鉴定了朱红色、红铅、赭石、水蜡石、炭黑和绿土的颜料材料。几种色调是由不同比例的混合颜料产生的。此外，还报告和讨论了红色层的色变。根据分析结果，进行了多步修复。干预程序是清洁、注射灌浆的应用、旧砂浆的去除、组合物缺失成分的重建和修饰。最后，在装饰品上涂上了一层表面保护层，以防止将来受到任何损坏。报告和讨论了红色层的色变。根据分析结果，进行了多步修复。干预程序是清洁、注射灌浆的应用、旧砂浆的去除、组合物缺失成分的重建和修饰。最后，在装饰品上涂上了一层表面保护层，以防止将来受到任何损坏。报告和讨论了红色层的色变。根据分析结果，进行了多步修复。干预程序是清洁、注射灌浆的应用、旧砂浆的去除、组合物缺失成分的重建和修饰。最后，在装饰品上涂上了一层表面保护层，以防止将来受到任何损坏。