ABSTRACT Timber-framed houses with a courtyard and construction set around it, believed first to be built in the seventeenth century, became the most common collective housing for factory workers in the late nineteenth century in Madrid, and also spread to Central and South America. However, their origin, development, the dating of the over 400 preserved, and how the design of the construction detailing is related to common structural decay and damage, remain unknown. The research reveals that structural failures led to the demolition of many buildings, and that new floors were added to many since the late eighteenth century. Today, poor conservation, and inappropriate renovations and intervention techniques prevent us from ascertaining whether they retain their basic substrate, the layout of dwellings and timber structures. A detailed study of the most relevant types shows the original structures discovered, later additions studied, faulty design assessment, and damage inspected.

中文翻译：

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建造和修复历史悠久的木结构四合院：马德里的科拉拉斯（1747-1898）

摘要 带有庭院和建筑的木结构房屋最早建于 17 世纪，在 19 世纪后期成为马德里工厂工人最常见的集体住房，并传播到中美洲和南美洲。然而，它们的起源、发展、保存下来的 400 多个的年代，以及建筑细节的设计如何与常见的结构腐烂和损坏相关，仍然未知。研究表明，结构故障导致许多建筑物被拆除，自 18 世纪后期以来，许多建筑物都增加了新楼层。今天，糟糕的保护、不适当的翻新和干预技术使我们无法确定它们是否保留了它们的基本基材、住宅和木结构的布局。