Abstract Recognizing constraints Pakistani women legislators face despite their entry into politics on a 17 per cent quota in national and provincial assemblies, it is time to rethink how quotas can lead to their political mainstreaming. This article explores quota legislators' views on their own accountability and empowerment based on the first online survey in Pakistan with 200 women in the assemblies (2013-18). Findings show quota legislators resist classification as male proxies and view themselves as accountable to notional voters, although they are indirectly elected. Many report silencing and harassment by male colleagues. Cross-party women's caucuses in each assembly have a mixed track record of facilitating substantive representation, undermined by religious parties and class differences. Respondents favoured further affirmative action mechanisms to increase their political voice, e.g. additional quota requirements within parties, more tickets for general seats and participation in key decision-making bodies of parties. A trajectory for women in politics to move from quota seats (in local bodies and assemblies) to general seats is not yet in place.

中文翻译：

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代表的困境：巴基斯坦议会中的妇女

摘要 巴基斯坦女议员虽然在全国和省级议会中以 17% 的配额进入政界，但认识到其面临的限制，现在是时候重新思考配额如何导致她们的政治主流化。本文基于巴基斯坦首次对议会中的 200 名女性进行的在线调查（2013-18 年），探讨了配额立法者对自身问责制和赋权的看法。Findings show quota legislators resist classification as male proxies and view themselves as accountable to notional voters, although they are indirectly elected. 许多报告称，男性同事对他们进行沉默和骚扰。每个议会中的跨党派妇女核心小组在促进实质性代表方面的记录参差不齐，但受到宗教政党和阶级差异的影响。受访者赞成进一步的平权行动机制以增加他们的政治发言权，例如增加政党内部的配额要求、增加一般席位的票数以及参与政党的关键决策机构。政治女性从配额席位（在地方机构和议会中）转向一般席位的轨迹尚未到位。