Abstract Evidence affirms that aesthetic engagement patterns our movements, often with us barely aware. This invites an examination of pre-reflective engagement within cities and also aesthetic experience as a form of the pre-reflective. The invitation is amplified because design has political implications. For instance, it can draw people in or exclude them by establishing implicitly recognized public-private boundaries. The Value Sensitive Design school, which holds that artifacts embody ethical and political values, stresses some of this. But while emphasizing that design embodies implicit values, research in this field lacks sustained attention to largely unconscious background biases or values, rooted in cultural attitudes and personal interests, that lead theorists and planners—often too narrowly—to promote design organized around specific values such as defensibility. In examining these points, I draw on J. J. Gibson, a central figure for some writing on aesthetics and cities, and whom pragmatists and phenomenologists in turn influenced. Taking a cue from pragmatists in particular, I argue that Gibson’s perceptual theory of affordances entails a theory of values, meaning our perception and therewith movements are inherently value-based. I advocate design that accounts for relatively constantly held values such as safety, while also handling the vast pluralism that exists and not crushing the aesthetic vibrancy of city life.

中文翻译：

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直觉的城市：城市设计的预思考，美学和政治方面

摘要证据表明，审美参与会改变我们的运动方式，而我们对此几乎一无所知。这要求检查城市内的预反射接触情况，以及作为预反射形式的审美经验。邀请之所以被放大，是因为设计具有政治意义。例如，它可以通过建立隐式认可的公私边界来吸引或排斥人们。价值敏感型设计学校强调其中的一些内容，即艺术品体现了道德和政治价值。但是，尽管强调设计体现了内在的价值，但该领域的研究仍缺乏对基于文化态度和个人兴趣的无意识背景偏见或价值观的持续关注，导致理论家和规划师（通常过于狭—）促进围绕诸如防御性等特定价值组织的设计。在考察这些观点时，我借鉴了吉布森（JJ Gibson）的观点，他是一些有关美学和城市的著作的中心人物，而实用主义者和现象学家又对他产生了影响。我特别从实用主义者那里得到线索，我认为吉布森的感知能力理论涉及价值理论，这意味着我们的感知以及运动本质上都是基于价值的。我主张设计时要考虑相对固定的价值观，例如安全性，同时还要处理存在的广泛多元化问题，而又不能破坏城市生活的美学活力。实用主义者和现象学家又对他们产生了影响。我特别从实用主义者那里得到线索，我认为吉布森的感知能力理论涉及价值理论，这意味着我们的感知以及运动本质上都是基于价值的。我主张设计时要考虑相对固定的价值观，例如安全性，同时还要处理存在的广泛多元化问题，而又不能破坏城市生活的美学活力。实用主义者和现象学家又对他们产生了影响。我特别从实用主义者那里得到线索，我认为吉布森的感知能力理论涉及价值理论，这意味着我们的感知以及运动本质上都是基于价值的。我主张设计时要考虑相对固定的价值观，例如安全性，同时还要处理存在的广泛多元化问题，而又不能破坏城市生活的美学活力。