ABSTRACT In 1968, the conservative Japanese government of Prime Minister Satō Eisaku mounted a year-long celebration of the 100th anniversary of the 1868 ‘Meiji Restoration’ that had launched Japan’s modern era. Although the government took pains to make the commemoration seem non-political, the centennial aroused fierce opposition among those on the left, who feared it represented an effort to revive aspects of pre-World War II militarism. The resistance was led by Japanese historians, who felt the view of the previous 100 years promoted by the government clashed with an alternative understanding of Japan’s history indicated by their professional research and training. This article examines the nature and scope of the 1968 Meiji centennial, elucidates why historians in particular were so opposed to it, and investigates the real aims for the celebration on the part of the conservative Satō government, as revealed in the private minutes of the government’s planning committee. Ultimately, the historians’ fears were partially justified: the government did intend the centennial to revive Japanese nationalism and patriotism along pre-war lines, as shown by their close modeling of the main ceremony on an earlier fascist ceremony – the 1940 celebration of the 2600th anniversary of Imperial rule.

中文翻译：

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帝国反击战？1968 年明治百年庆典与日本民族主义的复兴

摘要 1968 年，日本首相佐藤荣作的保守派政府举行了为期一年的庆祝 1868 年“明治维新”100 周年的庆祝活动，该活动开启了日本的现代时代。尽管政府煞费苦心地让纪念活动看起来不具政治意义，但这一百年纪念活动引起了左翼人士的强烈反对，他们担心这代表着复兴二战前军国主义方面的努力。抵抗运动是由日本历史学家领导的，他们认为政府提倡的过去 100 年的观点与他们的专业研究和培训表明的对日本历史的另一种理解相冲突。本文考察了 1968 年明治百年纪念的性质和范围，阐明了历史学家为何如此反对它，正如政府计划委员会的私人会议记录所揭示的那样，并调查了保守的佐藤政府庆祝的真正目的。最终，历史学家的担忧在一定程度上是有道理的：政府确实打算在百年纪念日沿着战前的路线复兴日本的民族主义和爱国主义，正如他们对早期法西斯仪式（1940 年庆祝第 2600 周年）的主要仪式的密切建模所示。帝国统治纪念日。