ABSTRACT This article examines how problems of validity in empirical social research differ from those in natural science. Specifically, we focus on how some ontological peculiarities of the object of study in social science bear on validity requirements. We consider these issues in experimental validity as well as in test validity because, while both fields hold large intellectual traditions, research tests or questionnaires are less closely connected to natural science methodology than experiments.

中文翻译：

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从本体特征到社会科学的有效性挑战：经济实验和研究问卷调查的案例

摘要本文探讨了经验社会研究的有效性问题与自然科学之间的区别。具体来说，我们关注社会科学研究对象的某些本体论特征如何满足有效性要求。我们在实验有效性和测试有效性中都考虑了这些问题，因为尽管这两个领域都拥有丰富的知识传统，但研究测试或调查表与自然科学方法的联系不如实验紧密。