ABSTRACT

Young people’s unemployment and social exclusion – the so-called ‘youth problem’ – is one of the main focuses in Finnish youth policies. We examine youth policies and youth support systems by applying a framework of policy analysis developed by Carol Bacchi. We ask 1) what kind of problematisations in youth policies and their implementations produce this ‘youth problem’ in Finland, 2) what are the assumptions behind these problematisations, and 3) what are the similarities and differences of these problematisations in youth policies and their implementations? We analyse youth policy documents and ethnographic and interview data from two youth support systems: One-stop Guidance Centres and outreach youth work. We suggest that both the policies and their implementations produce two discourses: the lack of young people’s participation in economic activities, and the immaturity of young people. We also conclude that these discourses are attached to two contradictory ways of governing: neoliberal and paternalistic governing.

摘要

年轻人的失业和社会排斥——所谓的“青年问题”——是芬兰青年政策的主要焦点之一。我们通过应用 Carol Bacchi 开发的政策分析框架来研究青年政策和青年支持系统。我们询问 1）青年政策及其实施中什么样的问题化在芬兰产生了这个“青年问题”，2）这些问题化背后的假设是什么，以及 3）这些问题化在青年政策及其实施中的异同点是什么？实施？我们分析来自两个青年支持系统的青年政策文件和人种学和访谈数据：一站式指导中心和外展青年工作。我们建议政策及其实施产生两种话语：青年人参与经济活动不足，青年人不成熟。我们还得出结论，这些话语与两种相互矛盾的治理方式相关：新自由主义治理和家长式治理。