ABSTRACT This paper examines determinants of identity through examining the generational status, religiosity, and school context of migrant youth in Europe. The first part of this study focuses on the presumptions of assimilation theory for identity by testing for generational differences and evidence of ethnic revival in acculturation identity. This study also explores the influence of religion- which has often been perceived as a hindrance to integration- and school context on the types of identities students express. The questions are explored using the migrant sample of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU; England, Germany, the Netherlands, and Sweden). Results of multilevel logistic regressions challenge previous presumptions of identity among migrant youth and find no strong evidence for either assimilation or ethnic revival among second generation students compared with their first generation peers. However, evidence of assimilation is observed among students with a foreign-born and native parent. Religious salience, perceived discrimination, and high share of migrants at the school-level are also associated with a lower likelihood of assimilated identity and higher likelihood of integrated and separated identities, suggesting the social and contextual nature of identity formation and highlighting the role of ethnic diversity in facilitating dual identities.

中文翻译：

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身份的决定因素：代际地位、宗教信仰和学校环境对欧洲移民身份的影响

摘要 本文通过考察欧洲移民青年的代际地位、宗教信仰和学校环境来考察身份的决定因素。本研究的第一部分通过测试代际差异和文化认同中种族复兴的证据，侧重于认同同化理论的假设。这项研究还探讨了宗教（通常被认为是融合的障碍）和学校环境对学生表达的身份类型的影响。使用四个欧洲国家（CILS4EU；英国、德国、荷兰和瑞典）的移民儿童纵向调查的移民样本来探讨这些问题。多层次逻辑回归的结果挑战了先前关于流动青年身份的假设，并没有发现与第一代同龄人相比，第二代学生的同化或种族复兴的有力证据。然而，在父母为外国出生和本土父母的学生中观察到了同化的证据。宗教显着性、感知歧视和学校层面的高比例移民也与较低的同化身份可能性和较高的整合和分离身份的可能性有关，这表明身份形成的社会和背景性质，并突出了种族的作用促进双重身份的多样性。在父母为外国出生和本土父母的学生中观察到同化的证据。宗教显着性、感知歧视和学校层面的高比例移民也与较低的同化身份可能性和较高的整合和分离身份的可能性有关，这表明身份形成的社会和背景性质，并突出了种族的作用促进双重身份的多样性。在父母为外国出生和本土父母的学生中观察到同化的证据。宗教显着性、感知歧视和学校层面的高比例移民也与较低的同化身份可能性和较高的整合和分离身份的可能性有关，这表明身份形成的社会和背景性质，并突出了种族的作用促进双重身份的多样性。