ABSTRACT This paper introduces a suite of technical tools developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) which aim to monitor the prevalence and impact of a new invasive insect pest in Africa – Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). The roll-out of the tools is still at an early phase, and further studies will be necessary to evaluate the outcomes. The specific content of this paper will be the description of the four tools – which together make up a monitoring framework –, followed by an analysis of the factors determining the likely future effectiveness of the tools and the framework according to innovation theory. More specifically, the Triple Helix Model of innovation will be evaluated and used to develop specific research questions, the answers to which will likely determine the future effectiveness of the FAW monitoring framework and its tools. It will emerge that a combination of institutional, technological and social factors will condition the effectiveness and sustainability of the suite of innovative monitoring tools developed. Furthermore, the Triple Helix model itself is shown to have a crucial limitation in this case due to the fact that it does not explicitly consider the role of civil society in the effective innovation process.

中文翻译：

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使用三螺旋创新模型探索影响非洲秋粘虫流行率和影响监测框架有效性的因素

摘要 本文介绍了联合国粮食及农业组织 (FAO) 开发的一套技术工具，旨在监测非洲一种新的入侵性害虫——秋粘虫 (Spodoptera frugiperda) 的流行和影响。这些工具的推出仍处于早期阶段，需要进一步研究以评估结果。本文的具体内容将是对四种工具的描述——它们共同构成了一个监测框架——然后根据创新理论分析了决定工具和框架未来可能有效性的因素。更具体地说，三螺旋创新模型将被评估并用于开发特定的研究问题，答案可能会决定秋粘虫监测框架及其工具的未来有效性。制度、技术和社会因素的结合将决定所开发的创新监测工具套件的有效性和可持续性。此外，由于没有明确考虑公民社会在有效创新过程中的作用，三螺旋模型本身在这种情况下被证明具有重要的局限性。