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Regular Model Checking Approach to Knowledge Reasoning over Parameterized Systems
arXiv - CS - Formal Languages and Automata Theory Pub Date : 2021-02-08 , DOI: arxiv-2102.04361
Daniel Stan, Anthony Widjaja Lin

We present a general framework for modelling and verifying epistemic properties over parameterized multi-agent systems that communicate by truthful public announcements. In our framework, the number of agents or the amount of certain resources are parameterized (i.e. not known a priori), and the corresponding verification problem asks whether a given epistemic property is true regardless of the instantiation of the parameters. For example, in a muddy children puzzle, one could ask whether each child will eventually find out whether (s)he is muddy, regardless of the number of children. Our framework is regular model checking (RMC)-based, wherein synchronous finite-state automata (equivalently, monadic second-order logic over words) are used to specify the systems. We propose an extension of public announcement logic as specification language. Of special interests is the addition of the so-called iterated public announcement operators, which are crucial for reasoning about knowledge in parameterized systems. Although the operators make the model checking problem undecidable, we show that this becomes decidable when an appropriate "disappearance relation" is given. Further, we show how Angluin's L*-algorithm for learning finite automata can be applied to find a disappearance relation, which is guaranteed to terminate if it is regular. We have implemented the algorithm and apply this to such examples as the Muddy Children Puzzle, the Russian Card Problem, and Large Number Challenge.

中文翻译:

参数化系统知识推理的常规模型检查方法

我们提供了一个通用框架,用于通过真实的公共公告进行通信的参数化多主体系统上的认知属性建模和验证。在我们的框架中,代理的数量或某些资源的数量被参数化(即先验未知),相应的验证问题询问给定的认知属性是否为真,而与参数的实例化无关。例如,在一个浑浊的儿童拼图中,可以问每个孩子是否最终会发现自己是否浑浊,而与孩子的数量无关。我们的框架是基于常规模型检查(RMC)的,其中使用同步有限状态自动机(等效于单词的一阶二阶逻辑)来指定系统。我们建议将公告逻辑扩展为规范语言。特别令人感兴趣的是添加了所谓的迭代公开公告运算符,这些运算符对于推理参数化系统中的知识至关重要。尽管操作员无法确定模型检查问题,但我们证明,当给出适当的“消失关系”时,这是可以确定的。此外,我们展示了如何将用于学习有限自动机的Angluin L *算法应用于寻找消失关系,如果它是规则的,则保证终止。我们已经实现了该算法,并将其应用于诸如“泥泞儿童拼图”,“俄罗斯纸牌问题”和“大数字挑战”之类的示例。尽管操作员无法确定模型检查问题,但我们证明,当给出适当的“消失关系”时,这是可以确定的。此外,我们展示了如何将用于学习有限自动机的Angluin L *算法应用于寻找消失关系,如果它是规则的,则保证终止。我们已经实现了该算法,并将其应用于诸如“泥泞儿童拼图”,“俄罗斯纸牌问题”和“大数字挑战”之类的示例。尽管操作员无法确定模型检查问题,但我们证明,当给出适当的“消失关系”时,这是可以确定的。此外,我们展示了如何将用于学习有限自动机的Angluin L *算法应用于寻找消失关系,如果它是规则的,则保证终止。我们已经实现了该算法,并将其应用于诸如“泥泞儿童拼图”,“俄罗斯纸牌问题”和“大数字挑战”之类的示例。
更新日期:2021-02-09
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