This is strong quantitative research investigating whether and how the components of the internal control system affect the credit risk, profitability, and compliance of the U.S. banking sector. Based on the COSO Framework, Basel Committee Frameworks, and the literature, the components of the internal controls are quantified. This quantitative nature distinguishes this study from others in this field since most of the studies up to now have investigated these topics by theoretical approaches. Eleven independent variables are analysed in three different regression models, with credit risk, profitability, and compliance being the dependent variables in each model. After cleaning the data from outliers, several tests are performed, while a panel set of data is used comprising the 210 biggest U.S. bank holding companies. Fixed-effects regression is applied in the three models, while the years under examination are the five fiscal years 2013–2017. Most of the data are taken from the proxy statements (DEF 14A) and the 10-K statements because of their qualitative nature. The key results indicate that Risk Assessment, Control Activities, and Information and Communication components strongly affect credit risk. The first (Control Environment) and last (Monitoring) components have a significant effect on credit risk, though only from the perspective of the board's number and the expertise of the audit committee, respectively. In the same line, internal controls significantly affect the profitability and compliance of U.S. banks, except for the Risk Assessment component in the first case and the Control Environment component in the second case, respectively. Control Activities component and the Information and Communication component have a significant and positive relationship with the banks' profitability, while these two components are significantly and negatively correlated with the banks' compliance.

中文翻译：

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内部控制系统对美国银行业风险、盈利能力和合规性的影响：一种定量方法

这是一项强有力的定量研究，调查内部控制系统的组成部分是否以及如何影响美国银行业的信用风险、盈利能力和合规性。基于 COSO 框架、巴塞尔委员会框架和文献，内部控制的组成部分被量化。这种定量性质将这项研究与该领域的其他研究区分开来，因为到目前为止，大多数研究都是通过理论方法研究这些主题的。在三个不同的回归模型中分析了 11 个自变量，信用风险、盈利能力和合规性是每个模型中的因变量。从异常值中清除数据后，进行了多项测试，同时使用了一组包含美国 210 家最大银行控股公司的面板数据。三个模型均采用固定效应回归，考察年份为 2013-2017 五个财年。由于其定性性质，大部分数据取自代理声明 (DEF 14A) 和 10-K 声明。主要结果表明，风险评估、控制活动以及信息和通信组成部分对信用风险有很大影响。第一个（控制环境）和最后一个（监控）组件对信用风险有显着影响，尽管分别是从董事会人数和审计委员会专业知识的角度来看。同样，内部控制显着影响美国银行的盈利能力和合规性，除了第一个案例中的风险评估部分和第二个案例中的控制环境部分。