Academic studies of open government have flourished in the last decade. Nevertheless, comprehensive reviews of open government have been limited. This research gap not only impedes our understanding of the overall body of knowledge on open government but also hinders the advancement of existing practices. To address this gap, this article systematically reviews 189 studies published from 2008 to 2019. Guiding this review are the central research questions: (1) How has the concept of open government been defined and conceptualized in the literature? (2) How is open government being used and implemented? (3) What outcomes or impacts are attributed to open government initiatives? This research found that open government is generally conceptualized as a new governing structure emphasizing both transparency (vision) and public participation (voice). However, it also identifies a “transparency-driven focus” for both the case selection of academic studies and practical implementation, which represents a gap between open government theory and practice. This research also reveals the lack of empirical evidence regarding the effects of open government and highlights methodological concerns of prior studies. The article concludes with a discussion on future research.

在过去的十年中，开放政府的学术研究蓬勃发展。但是，对开放政府的全面审查是有限的。这种研究差距不仅阻碍了我们对开放政府的整体知识的理解，而且还阻碍了现有实践的发展。为了解决这一差距，本文系统地回顾了2008年至2019年发表的189项研究。指导该综述的是主要的研究问题：（1）文献中如何定义和概念化开放政府的概念？（2）如何使用和实施公开政府？（3）开放的政府举措会带来什么结果或影响？这项研究发现，开放政府通常被概念化为一种新的治理结构，强调透明度（视野）和公众参与（声音）。但是，它也为学术研究的案例选择和实际实施确定了“透明驱动的焦点”，这代表了开放政府理论与实践之间的差距。这项研究还揭示了缺乏关于开放政府的影响的经验证据，并强调了先前研究的方法论关注。本文最后讨论了未来的研究。