More than one-third of US children live in families with three or more children. The contemporary impact of larger family size on children’s family resources remains an under-explored point of inequity. Larger family size is not only more common among Black and Hispanic children, but Black and Hispanic children in larger families (Black children, especially so) face higher poverty risks relative to White children in larger families. This analysis uses children’s number of siblings and children’s race and ethnicity to chart the intersectional aspects of disparity in the risk and incidence of poverty and the anti-poverty effects of large federal cash supports, the Earned Income Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit. It draws upon 2014–2017 Current Population Survey data and the NBER TAXSIM calculator to apply 2018 tax law, inclusive of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. It reveals well-documented disparities in poverty rates and benefit access and receipt experienced by children of color are further exacerbated by policy structures that discriminate against an under-acknowledged aspect of children’s family life: their family size. Racial bias in policy design that sees tax credit access mechanisms and earnings and benefit structures disproportionately exclude that Black and Hispanic children also disproportionately exclude Black and Hispanic children by their family size. Without reforms that tackle both inequities, policy action that closes the poverty gap between larger and smaller families will see the racial gap in child poverty remain.

超过三分之一的美国儿童生活在有三个或更多孩子的家庭中。更大的家庭规模对儿童家庭资源的当代影响仍然是一个未被充分探索的不平等点。较大的家庭规模不仅在黑人和西班牙裔儿童中更为常见，而且与较大家庭中的白人儿童相比，较大家庭中的黑人和西班牙裔儿童（尤其是黑人儿童）面临更高的贫困风险。该分析使用儿童的兄弟姐妹数量和儿童的种族和民族来绘制贫困风险和发生率差异的交叉方面，以及大量联邦现金支持、劳动所得税抵免和儿童税收抵免的反贫困效果。它利用 2014-2017 年当前人口调查数据和 NBER TAXSIM 计算器应用 2018 年税法，包括 2017 年的《减税和就业法案》。它揭示了有据可查的贫困率差异以及有色人种儿童所经历的福利获取和接受的差异，而歧视儿童家庭生活中未被充分认识的方面的政策结构进一步加剧：他们家庭规模。政策设计中的种族偏见认为税收抵免机制以及收入和福利结构不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童也按家庭规模不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童。如果没有解决这两种不平等的改革，缩小大小家庭之间贫困差距的政策行动将导致儿童贫困的种族差距仍然存在。它揭示了有据可查的贫困率差异以及有色人种儿童在获得和获得福利方面的差异，而政策结构歧视儿童家庭生活中一个未被充分认识的方面：他们的家庭规模，进一步加剧了这种差异。政策设计中的种族偏见认为税收抵免机制以及收入和福利结构不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童也按家庭规模不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童。如果没有解决这两种不平等的改革，缩小大小家庭之间贫困差距的政策行动将导致儿童贫困的种族差距仍然存在。它揭示了有据可查的贫困率差异以及有色人种儿童在获得和获得福利方面的差异，而政策结构歧视儿童家庭生活中一个未被充分认识的方面：他们的家庭规模，进一步加剧了这种差异。政策设计中的种族偏见认为税收抵免机制以及收入和福利结构不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童也按家庭规模不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童。如果没有解决这两种不平等的改革，缩小大小家庭之间贫困差距的政策行动将导致儿童贫困的种族差距仍然存在。政策设计中的种族偏见认为税收抵免机制以及收入和福利结构不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童也按家庭规模不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童。如果没有解决这两种不平等的改革，缩小大小家庭之间贫困差距的政策行动将导致儿童贫困的种族差距仍然存在。政策设计中的种族偏见认为税收抵免机制以及收入和福利结构不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童也按家庭规模不成比例地排除了黑人和西班牙裔儿童。如果没有解决这两种不平等的改革，缩小大小家庭之间贫困差距的政策行动将导致儿童贫困的种族差距仍然存在。