Little is known about the long-term prognosis of children with pediatric acute-onset neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS). Out of the 46 eligible patients from the Karolinska PANS cohort, 34 consented to participate in a follow-up (median 3.3 years). Participants underwent a thorough clinical evaluation and were classified according to their clinical course. Resulting groups were compared on clinical characteristics and laboratory test results. We observed significant reductions in clinician-rated PANS symptom severity and improved general function. Two patients were classified as remitted, 20 as relapsing–remitting, and 12 as having a chronic-static/progressive course. The latter group had an earlier onset, greater impairment and received more pharmacological and psychological treatments. Although remission was rare, the majority of children with PANS were significantly improved over the follow-up period but a non-negligible minority of patients displayed a chronic-static/progressive course and required additional treatments. The proposed definitions of flare and clinical course may be useful in future clinical trials.

关于小儿急性发作性神经精神综合征 (PANS) 儿童的长期预后知之甚少。在 Karolinska PANS 队列的 46 名符合条件的患者中，34 名同意参加随访（中位 3.3 年）。参与者接受了彻底的临床评估，并根据他们的临床过程进行分类。对结果组的临床特征和实验室检测结果进行比较。我们观察到临床医生评定的 PANS 症状严重程度显着降低并改善了一般功能。2 名患者被归类为缓解型，20 例为复发-缓解型，12 例为慢性静态/进行性病程。后一组发病较早，损伤更大，接受了更多的药物和心理治疗。虽然很少见缓解，大多数患有 PANS 的儿童在随访期间得到了显着改善，但不可忽略的少数患者表现出慢性静态/进行性病程，需要额外治疗。所提出的突发和临床过程的定义可能对未来的临床试验有用。